本文選題：知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)　切入點(diǎn)：默示許可　出處：《吉林大學(xué)》2013年博士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)默示許可是指知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)權(quán)利人（許可人）雖然沒有以書面或者口頭的方式明確做出許可的意思表示，但其行為或者特定情形下的沉默足以使相對(duì)人（被許可人）認(rèn)為權(quán)利人（許可人）已經(jīng)進(jìn)行了許可，從而成立的知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)許可形態(tài)。知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)默示許可制度發(fā)端于英國(guó)，在英美法系國(guó)家和大陸法系國(guó)家都得到了發(fā)展。知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)默示許可制度在我國(guó)知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)立法和司法實(shí)踐中也逐漸被接受，并開始發(fā)揮其功能。 意思表示理論、信賴保護(hù)理論和利益平衡理論可以為知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)默示許可制度提供理論支撐并證明其正當(dāng)性。知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)默示許可可以從權(quán)利人（許可人）的特定行為進(jìn)行推斷，或者從特定情形下權(quán)利人（許可人）的沉默加以推斷；信賴保護(hù)理論以保護(hù)相對(duì)人（被許可人）的合理信賴為目的，在知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)默示許可的判定中發(fā)揮著不可或缺的作用，相對(duì)人（被許可人）的合理信賴是知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)默示許可成立的必備要素；利益平衡理論以平衡知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)權(quán)利人（許可人）和相對(duì)人（被許可人）的利益為宗旨。從制度屬性上看，，知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)默示許可制度屬于特殊的授權(quán)許可制度、權(quán)利限制制度和侵權(quán)抗辯制度。 知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)默示許可制度包括專利權(quán)默示許可制度、著作權(quán)默示許可制度和商標(biāo)權(quán)默示許可制度，默示許可的認(rèn)定是其中最為核心、最為復(fù)雜的問題。知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)默示許可的認(rèn)定可以從基于行為推斷的知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)默示許可和基于沉默的知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)默示許可兩個(gè)方面入手�；谛袨橥茢嗟闹R(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)默示許可的認(rèn)定主要考察知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)權(quán)利人（許可人）的特定行為、被控侵權(quán)人的合理信賴等因素；基于沉默的知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)默示許可的認(rèn)定主要考察知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)權(quán)利人（許可人）的“明知”、被控侵權(quán)人的合理信賴、知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)權(quán)利人（許可人）怠于行使權(quán)利的期間等因素。 知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)默示許可的功能不僅體現(xiàn)在制度自身的運(yùn)作之中，在默示許可與權(quán)利窮竭的交錯(cuò)發(fā)展中、在將默示許可運(yùn)用于解決平行進(jìn)口問題的實(shí)踐中，知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)默示許可的功能得到了拓展。此外，從權(quán)利窮竭到平行進(jìn)口，知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)默示許可的功能也實(shí)現(xiàn)了從合同解釋到政策選擇的拓展。在默示許可與權(quán)利窮竭的關(guān)聯(lián)之中，默示許可主要發(fā)揮了合同解釋的功能。將默示許可應(yīng)用于解決平行進(jìn)口問題，可以通過默示許可對(duì)知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)國(guó)際窮竭原則進(jìn)行修正，使平行進(jìn)口政策更為靈活，更符合我國(guó)現(xiàn)實(shí)國(guó)情的要求，有利于更好地實(shí)現(xiàn)我國(guó)的國(guó)家利益。 知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)默示許可起源于知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)許可合同，但該制度具備超越合同關(guān)系的特質(zhì)，不再局限于“一對(duì)一”的授權(quán)許可模式，使其能夠適應(yīng)網(wǎng)絡(luò)著作權(quán)海量授權(quán)的要求。雖然知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)默示許可可以超越合同關(guān)系而存在，但其仍然依賴著合同解釋的立場(chǎng)和原則，在對(duì)網(wǎng)絡(luò)著作權(quán)默示許可進(jìn)行認(rèn)定的時(shí)候仍然要考察權(quán)利人（許可人）的行為、相對(duì)人（被許可人）的合理信賴、誠(chéng)實(shí)信用原則、行業(yè)慣例等因素。通過網(wǎng)絡(luò)著作權(quán)默示許可制度與法定許可制度、合理使用制度的比較，可以發(fā)掘網(wǎng)絡(luò)著作權(quán)默示許可制度不可替代的制度價(jià)值。法定許可制度對(duì)著作權(quán)人權(quán)利的限制較為嚴(yán)格，欠缺靈活性，擴(kuò)大法定許可制度的適用范圍可能與國(guó)際公約相沖突，在網(wǎng)絡(luò)著作權(quán)領(lǐng)域的應(yīng)用價(jià)值日益消減。相比之下，默示許可制度更適應(yīng)網(wǎng)絡(luò)環(huán)境下利益平衡的要求，并且可以減少對(duì)現(xiàn)有制度的沖擊，其適用價(jià)值逐漸增長(zhǎng)。在傳統(tǒng)著作權(quán)領(lǐng)域發(fā)揮重要作用的合理使用制度，在網(wǎng)絡(luò)環(huán)境下遭遇了困境，在很多情況下難以擔(dān)當(dāng)侵權(quán)抗辯的使命。默示許可制度與合理使用制度相比更加適應(yīng)網(wǎng)絡(luò)環(huán)境的要求，具備明顯的制度優(yōu)勢(shì)，能夠有效彌補(bǔ)合理使用制度的不足。著作權(quán)默示許可制度與合理使用制度可以形成分工協(xié)作的格局，更好地實(shí)現(xiàn)網(wǎng)絡(luò)著作權(quán)領(lǐng)域的利益平衡。在迅速發(fā)展的互聯(lián)網(wǎng)產(chǎn)業(yè)之中，默示許可制度已經(jīng)作為特定行業(yè)的慣例被普遍接受。應(yīng)當(dāng)在網(wǎng)絡(luò)共享空間領(lǐng)域和網(wǎng)絡(luò)搜索引擎領(lǐng)域全面引入默示許可制度，在公益性數(shù)字圖書館領(lǐng)域引入默示許可制度。在設(shè)計(jì)網(wǎng)絡(luò)著作權(quán)默示許可制度時(shí)，應(yīng)充分保障著作權(quán)人的獲酬權(quán)，并通過完善著作權(quán)集體管理制度來保障默示許可制度的運(yùn)行。 我國(guó)在建構(gòu)和完善知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)默示許可制度時(shí)，應(yīng)當(dāng)以國(guó)家利益和國(guó)家安全為出發(fā)點(diǎn)，并順應(yīng)知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)國(guó)際化的趨勢(shì)，符合科技、文化發(fā)展方向的要求，重視產(chǎn)業(yè)和行業(yè)的自生秩序和慣例，充分借鑒國(guó)際上的成熟經(jīng)驗(yàn)和做法，建立符合我國(guó)國(guó)情的知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)默示許可制度。應(yīng)該在我國(guó)未來民法典總則中規(guī)定默示意思表示條款和信賴保護(hù)條款。應(yīng)當(dāng)在《專利法》中對(duì)專利權(quán)默示許可進(jìn)行一般性規(guī)定，明確規(guī)定專利權(quán)默示許可制度；應(yīng)當(dāng)在《著作權(quán)法》中對(duì)著作權(quán)默示許可制度做出一般性的規(guī)定，并對(duì)網(wǎng)絡(luò)著作權(quán)默示許可制度進(jìn)行具體規(guī)定；應(yīng)當(dāng)在《商標(biāo)法》中對(duì)商標(biāo)權(quán)默示許可制度做出一般性規(guī)定。
[Abstract]:Intellectual property refers to the implied license of intellectual property rights (licensor) although not in written or verbal way make the license means, but their behavior or the specific circumstances of silence is enough to make relative person (the licensee) that the obligee (licensor) has been carried out so as to permit establishment of knowledge property license form. The implied license system of intellectual property rights originated in Britain, have been developed in the common law countries and civil law countries. The implied license system of intellectual property rights in intellectual property legislation and judicial practice in China is gradually accepted, and began to play its function.
Theory of meaning, theory of reliance protection and interest balance theory can provide theoretical support for the implied license system of intellectual property rights and prove its legitimacy. Intellectual property rights can be implied license from the obligee (licensor) to infer the specific behavior, or from the specific circumstances of the right holder (licensor) silence to be inferred; trust protection the theory in order to protect people (the licensee) for the purpose of reasonable reliance, plays an important role in determining the intellectual property implied license, the relative person (the licensee) the reasonable reliance is essential intellectual property rights implied license established; the theory of balance of interests to balance the intellectual property rights (licensor) and the relative person (the licensee). For the purpose of the benefits from the system attribute, implied license system of intellectual property rights belong to the special permission system, rights restriction system and infringement defense system.
Intellectual property rights implied license system including patent implied license, copyright implied right implied license and trademark license system, implied license is recognized one of the most core, the most complex problem. That intellectual property rights implied license from intellectual property can be inferred based on the behavior of implied license and two aspects of intellectual property rights implied license the silence of the start. Based on recognition of intellectual property to infer the implied license mainly on intellectual property rights (licensor) based on the specific behavior, the person accused of infringing reasonable trust and other factors; identification based on silence implied license intellectual property mainly on intellectual property rights (licensor) "knowingly" reasonable trust the person accused of infringing intellectual property rights, human rights (Xu Keren) fails to exercise the right period and other factors.
The function of intellectual property rights implied license is not only reflected in the operation of the system itself, in the staggered development implied license and exhaustion of rights in the practice of implied license to solve the problem of parallel import of intellectual property rights, implied license function has been expanded. In addition, the exhaustion of rights to the parallel import of intellectual property implied license also from the implementation of the contract interpretation to expand the policy choice. In association implied license and exhaustion of rights, implied license contract interpretation mainly play the function. The implied license applied to solve the problem of parallel imports of intellectual property, international exhaustion is corrected by the implied license, parallel import policy is more flexible that is more in line with China's actual conditions requirements, is conducive to better achieve our national interests.
Intellectual property rights implied license originated in intellectual property licensing contracts, but the system has beyond the contract characteristics, is no longer confined to the "one to one" licensing model, which can adapt to the network copyright authorized requirements. Although intellectual property can go beyond the implied license contract relationship exists, but it still depends on the position and the principle of contract interpretation, still have to study the rights of people in the network copyright implied license identification when (licensor) behavior, relative person (the licensee) the reasonable trust, honesty and credit principle, industry practices and other factors. Through the network of copyright implied license system and the statutory licensing system, reasonable use the system can discover the value system of network copyright implied license system can not be replaced. The statutory licensing system of copyright restrictions are strict, lack of flexibility, expansion Conflict between the application scope of the statutory licensing system and international convention, the application value in the field of network copyright increasingly abate. In contrast, the implied license is more suitable for the balance of interests in the network environment, and can reduce the impact on the existing system, its application value is gradually growing. Play an important role in the rational use of the system in the field of traditional copyright, under the network environment encountered difficulties, it is difficult to play in many cases of infringement defense mission. Impliedlicense system compared with the rational use of the system to adapt to the requirement of network environment, the system has obvious advantages, can effectively compensate for the lack of reasonable use system. The copyright implied license system and the system of fair use can form a collaboration pattern, to better achieve the balance of interests in the field of network copyright. With the rapid development of the Internet industry. " Show license system as a specific industry practice has been generally accepted. Should the network share and network search engine to the full introduction of implied license system, the introduction of implied license system in the public domain of digital library. In the design of network copyright implied license system, should fully protect the copyright owner's right to remuneration, and through the improvement of the copyright collective management system to guarantee the implied license system operation.
In our country, construct and perfect the implied license system of intellectual property rights, should be based on national interests and national security as a starting point, and conform to the trend of internationalization of intellectual property rights, in accordance with the requirements of the development direction of science and technology, culture, pay attention to spontaneous order and practices of industry and industry, drawing on international experience and mature practices, establish implied the licensing system of intellectual property rights should be in line with China's national conditions. In China's future civil code stipulated in the terms and meaning implied trust protection clause should be said. In "the Patent Law on patent implied license general provisions specified patent implied license; copyright law should be in the < > of the copyright implied license system stipulated in general, and specific provisions on the network copyright implied license system; should make general of trademark rights implied license system in < Trademark Law > Regulations.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：吉林大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號(hào)】：D923.4

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