本文關(guān)鍵詞： 人格權(quán)財(cái)產(chǎn)利益 人格要素商品化 正當(dāng)性 立法模式 私法保護(hù)　出處：《揚(yáng)州大學(xué)》2014年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：傳統(tǒng)民法理論將人格權(quán)嚴(yán)格限定為純粹精神性權(quán)利據(jù)以否認(rèn)人格權(quán)財(cái)產(chǎn)利益,在市場(chǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)社會(huì),此種論斷已經(jīng)不合時(shí)宜�，F(xiàn)代社會(huì),人格權(quán)與財(cái)產(chǎn)權(quán)在規(guī)制與保護(hù)上并非涇渭分明,二者存在人格財(cái)產(chǎn)化、財(cái)產(chǎn)人格化的“雙向滲透”趨勢(shì)。換言之,人格權(quán)財(cái)產(chǎn)利益以及財(cái)產(chǎn)權(quán)人格利益皆成為客觀事實(shí)。承認(rèn)人格權(quán)財(cái)產(chǎn)利益并非意味人格權(quán)與財(cái)產(chǎn)權(quán)相互取代,恰恰相反,其目的在于強(qiáng)化和完善人格權(quán)法律制度保護(hù)。 人格財(cái)產(chǎn)化主要借由人格要素的商業(yè)化利用完成,人格要素的商業(yè)化利用是人格權(quán)財(cái)產(chǎn)利益生成的正向途徑。人格財(cái)產(chǎn)化還可能通過(guò)侵權(quán)行為實(shí)現(xiàn),侵權(quán)行為是人格權(quán)財(cái)產(chǎn)利益生成的負(fù)向因素。人格權(quán)財(cái)產(chǎn)利益的生成乃是人格要素正向利用和負(fù)向侵權(quán)作用的現(xiàn)實(shí)結(jié)果,前者產(chǎn)生積極的人格權(quán)財(cái)產(chǎn)利益,而后者則產(chǎn)生消極的人格權(quán)財(cái)產(chǎn)利益。在健全的法律體制下,積極人格權(quán)財(cái)產(chǎn)利益的獲取應(yīng)該是基本形式與主要形態(tài),而消極人格權(quán)財(cái)產(chǎn)利益的產(chǎn)生則應(yīng)屬次態(tài)。 人格要素可商品化、人格自治理論、不當(dāng)?shù)美碚摵凸髁x理論提供了人格權(quán)財(cái)產(chǎn)利益私法保護(hù)的正當(dāng)性基礎(chǔ)。當(dāng)前,對(duì)人格權(quán)財(cái)產(chǎn)利益的保護(hù),德國(guó)主要采“統(tǒng)一權(quán)利模式”下的“內(nèi)部解決”思路,將人格利益視為一項(xiàng)包含精神成分和財(cái)產(chǎn)成分的利益集合,統(tǒng)一適用人格權(quán)法保護(hù)；美國(guó)主要采“二元模式”下的“外部解決”思路,通過(guò)隱私權(quán)保護(hù)人格權(quán)精神利益,通過(guò)公開權(quán)保護(hù)人格權(quán)財(cái)產(chǎn)利益,將公開權(quán)納入財(cái)產(chǎn)權(quán)范疇。日本仿照美國(guó)模式確立“商品化權(quán)”模式,將商品化權(quán)視為一項(xiàng)獨(dú)立于人格權(quán)的權(quán)利,但究其本質(zhì)與權(quán)利模式,并未脫離知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)法保護(hù)模式的窠臼。英國(guó)、澳大利亞“仿冒之訴”模式的實(shí)質(zhì)是侵權(quán)行為模式,但由于仿冒之訴要件認(rèn)定的嚴(yán)苛性,導(dǎo)致其私法保護(hù)效果并不理想。從法律傳統(tǒng)、立法技術(shù)、立法價(jià)值等綜合因素來(lái)看,德國(guó)“統(tǒng)一權(quán)利”模式較為適合我國(guó)國(guó)情,可為我國(guó)相關(guān)立法所吸收。 當(dāng)前,我國(guó)尚未制定出一部統(tǒng)一的、個(gè)性鮮明的《人格權(quán)法》,現(xiàn)行私法規(guī)范對(duì)人格權(quán)財(cái)產(chǎn)利益的保護(hù)只是“權(quán)宜之計(jì)”,體現(xiàn)出間接性、隱藏性與保守性的特點(diǎn)。為此,我國(guó)對(duì)人格權(quán)財(cái)產(chǎn)利益的私法保護(hù)應(yīng)當(dāng)建立“以德國(guó)統(tǒng)一權(quán)利模式為基礎(chǔ),以人格權(quán)法保護(hù)為主,以知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)法、侵權(quán)行為法等一般法保護(hù)為輔的綜合保護(hù)模式”。我國(guó)未來(lái)的《人格權(quán)法》要以明確的立法態(tài)度實(shí)現(xiàn)三大核心內(nèi)容的突破：一是要對(duì)人格權(quán)財(cái)產(chǎn)利益進(jìn)行私法確認(rèn)；二是要承認(rèn)人格權(quán)財(cái)產(chǎn)利益可予轉(zhuǎn)讓與繼承；三是要建構(gòu)以損害賠償標(biāo)準(zhǔn)和獲益賠償標(biāo)準(zhǔn)為基礎(chǔ),兼采法定賠償金制度和懲罰性賠償金制度的多層次賠償規(guī)則。對(duì)人格權(quán) 財(cái)產(chǎn)利益私法保護(hù)制度設(shè)計(jì)上的其他“細(xì)枝末節(jié)”,則需要依靠我國(guó)傳統(tǒng)人格權(quán)理論“內(nèi)部解決”。盲目移植、全盤接受外國(guó)先進(jìn)制度,不利于我國(guó)人格權(quán)財(cái)產(chǎn)利益私法保護(hù)制度的科學(xué)建構(gòu)。
[Abstract]:The traditional theory of civil rights of personality restricted to pure spiritual right to deny the property interests of right of personality, in the society of market economy, the proposition has. Be inopportune or inappropriate in modern society, the personality rights and property rights are not in the regulation and protection of the two are quite distinct from each other, personal property, personal property "two-way penetration" trend. In other words, personal interests and property interests of the right of personality property rights have become the objective fact. That property interests of the right of personality does not mean the personality rights and property rights replace each other, on the contrary, its purpose is to strengthen and perfect human rights protection legal system.
Personal property mainly by the commercial use of personality factors, personality factors of commercial use is a positive way of property interests of right of personality formation. Personal property is also possible through the infringement, infringement of property interests of right of personality is generated negative factors. Generation of personal rights, property interests is the realistic result positive and negative personality factors by tort action, the former has a positive personality rights property interests, while the latter has a negative personality rights property interests. In the sound legal system, positive personality rights property interests obtained should be the basic form and main form, while the negative personality right of property interests should be produced is the next state.
Personality factors can be commercialized, autonomous personality theory, the theory of unjust enrichment and the utilitarianism theory provides the legitimacy of private law to protect the interests of property right of personality. At present, the protection of property interests of right of personality, Germany's main mining "unified rights model" under the "internal" ideas, will be regarded as a personal interests include the spirit composition and property of composition of interest set, the uniform application of the law of personality right protection; the United States mainly adopted "two yuan" mode "external solution" ideas, through the protection of privacy right of personality and spiritual interests, through public rights protection of personality rights property interests, the public right into the category of property right. The Japanese after the American model establishment of commodity right "mode, right of merchandising right as an independent right of personality, but the essence and the right mode, not out of intellectual property rights protection mode. Britain, Australia The essence of Australia "counterfeiting lawsuit" mode is infringement mode, but because of the harsh counterfeiting lawsuit cognizance, cause the legal protection effect is not ideal. From the tradition of law, legislative technology, comprehensive factors of legislative value, "German unified right" model is more suitable for China, can be absorbed by the relevant the legislation of our country.
At present, China has yet to formulate a unified law of personality right, < > distinctive, current civil law protection of property interests of right of personality is just a matter of expediency ", reflects the characteristics of indirect, hidden and conservative. Therefore, the private law to protect personal rights property interests should be established in our country" in Germany, the model of the United right as the foundation, in order to protect the personality right law, to intellectual property law, tort law and other comprehensive protection mode supplemented by general law protection. < Law of personality right in China in the future to achieve three major breakthroughs in the core content of the legislative attitude clear: one is to confirm the law the property interests of the right of personality; the two is to acknowledge the property interests of right of personality can be transferred and inheritance; three is to build the standard of compensation for damage and benefit compensation standard as the basis, and adopt the legal compensation system and punitive damages system of multi The rule of hierarchy of compensation. The right to personality
The other minor details in the design of property interests and private law protection system need to rely on the traditional theory of personality right in our country to solve it internally. Blindly transplantation and wholly accepting foreign advanced system are not conducive to the scientific construction of our personal right and property interests and private law protection system.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：揚(yáng)州大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號(hào)】：D923

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