本文關(guān)鍵詞：從《刑法修正案（八）》看我國死刑的走勢，由筆耕文化傳播整理發(fā)布。

        2011年2月25日中華人民共和國第十一屆全國人民代表大會常務(wù)委員會第十九次會議通過了《刑法修正案（八）》，這部修正案在刑法總則中對死刑進行了限制并且在分則中廢除了一些死刑罪名�！缎谭ㄐ拚福ò耍穼π谭ǹ倓t部分做了修改，修改后的刑法第四十九條第二款規(guī)定“審判的時候已滿七十五周歲的人，不適用死刑，但以特別殘忍手段致人死亡的除外”，從而進一步對死刑適用的主體進行了明確化規(guī)定。這樣一來，除了刑法第四十九條第一款規(guī)定的“犯罪的時候不滿十八周歲的人”和“審判的時候懷孕的婦女”外，“審判的時候已滿七十五周歲的人”原則上也不適用死刑，死刑的適用范圍比之前縮小很多。在分則中，《刑法修正案（八）》廢除了13個經(jīng)濟性非暴力犯罪的死刑罪名，占死刑罪名總數(shù)的19.1%，死刑罪名由1997年刑法規(guī)定的68個縮減到現(xiàn)在的55個。這部修正案顯示了我國政府和立法者對死刑問題的高度關(guān)注和重視，符合我國寬嚴(yán)相濟和少殺慎殺的刑事政策，體現(xiàn)了保護生命、尊重人權(quán)的價值觀，更突顯了我國刑事法律文明的進步。本文以79年刑法、97年刑法以及《刑法修正案（八）》為時間線索，以《刑法修正案（八）》的實質(zhì)內(nèi)容為主軸，展開對死刑走勢的研究。本文由三部分組成。第一部分論述《刑法修正案（八）》對我國死刑刑罰的修改。這一部分主要是以79年刑法、97年刑法及《刑法修正案（八）》為時間主線分別從總則中對死刑適用主體范圍縮小的內(nèi)容和分則中對13個罪的死刑廢除的內(nèi)容進行敘述。第二部分是對《刑法修正案八》引發(fā)死刑的爭論的評析�！缎谭ㄐ拚赴恕烦雠_后，有些學(xué)者認(rèn)為《刑法修正案八》關(guān)于死刑的修改對限制、廢除死刑并無實際意義，甚至有消極影響；有些學(xué)者認(rèn)為《刑法修正案八》關(guān)于死刑的修改對限制、廢除死刑和當(dāng)代社會有積極的指導(dǎo)意義，是我國刑事立法的一大進步。他們的想法各有道理，但是筆者更支持最后一種觀點。筆者對這部刑法修正案持積極態(tài)度——我國應(yīng)該廢除死刑，但應(yīng)當(dāng)根據(jù)中國國情有條不紊地、一步步地廢除。第三部分主要論述對中國死刑走勢的展望。第一，在立法上，刑法總則應(yīng)進一步降低不適用死刑老年人的年齡、完善死刑適用的刑法條文、擴大不適用死刑主體的范圍等；刑法分則應(yīng)進一步廢除全部的貪污賄賂犯罪的死刑和其他的非暴力犯罪死刑罪名，應(yīng)當(dāng)合并或者廢除備而不用的暴力犯罪死刑，并且通過提高立法技術(shù)大幅度削減暴力犯罪的死刑運用。第二,在司法實踐中，我國可以比較、吸收、借鑒美日韓三國的先進司法理念：1.我國需進一步規(guī)范死刑適用的程序，建立更加嚴(yán)格的司法監(jiān)督機制和更加全面的救濟措施；2.我國應(yīng)使更多的大眾參與到法律變革和運動之中，真正的做到法為民所立，法為民所用；3.縮小死刑適用范圍和嚴(yán)格遵守死刑適用程序。與此同時，用長期自由刑、限制減刑等方式來減少和限制死刑的適用，并且將審判置于“陽光”之下，，使人民群眾可以監(jiān)督死刑案件的審判和執(zhí)行，保障被害人、證人等主體尤其是犯罪嫌疑人合法權(quán)益不受侵害,保障審判公開、及時、獨立�？傊ㄟ^對《刑法修正案（八）》內(nèi)容的研究和兼聽各方對《刑法修正案（八）》的不同態(tài)度，預(yù)判我國死刑發(fā)展的走勢。

    On February25,2011, the11th National People’s Congress of thePeople’s Republic of China at the19th session of the standing committeevoted to pass “Criminal Law Amendment (Eight)”, The Amendmentseparately limits the death penalty and abolishes the death penalty charges inthe general provisions of criminal law and in the specific provisions ofcriminal law.In the general provisions of criminal law,the general part ofcriminal law is amended in “Criminal Law Amendment (Eight)”, Asprescribed in paragraph2of article49of criminal law “people who reachthe seventy-five at the time of trial do not apply the death penalty, except tokill extremely cruel means”, further provide explicit provisions for the bodyof the death penalty. In addition to the criminal law article49(1)“peopleunder the age of eighteen who commit a crime” and “pregnant women at the time of trial”,“people who reach the seventy-five at the time of trial” donot apply the death penalty in principle,so compared with before the scopeof the death penalty is narrowed so much.In the specific provisions ofcriminal law,the death penalty charges of13economy-related non-violentoffence are abolished in “Criminal Law Amendment(Eight)”,accounting for19.1%of the total number of capital crimes.The death penalty charges arecut from68articles in《1997Criminal Law》to now55.This amendmentshows that our government and legislator pay a high attention to the deathpenalty problem,conforms to our criminal policy of tempering justice withmercy and wisely and less kill,embodies the values of the protection of lifeand respect for human rights, also highlights the progress of our criminallaw civilization.This paper bases on the《79Criminal Law》，《97criminal law》,"Criminal Law Amendment (Eight)" for the time clue, puts the essence of the content of"Criminal Law Amendment (Eight)" as the main shaft, so as toresearch the development trend of China’s death penalty.This paper consistsof three parts.The first part discusses that the death penalty is amended by“Criminal Law Amendment (Eight)”.The part puts the《79Criminal Law》，《97criminal law》,"Criminal Law Amendment (Eight)" as the timeline,and separately describes the scope of the death penalty is narrowed in thegeneral provisions of criminal law and13the death penalty charges areabolished in the specific provisions of criminal law.The second part mainlyanalyses the debate about death penalty caused by the“Criminal LawAmendment (Eight)”. After“Criminal Law Amendment(Eight)”,somescholars think "Criminal Law Amendment (Eight)" changes to limit andabolish the death penalty has no actual meaning,even have a negativeimpact;some scholars think “Criminal Law Amendment (Eight)”changes tolimit and abolished the death penalty has a positive guiding significance to the contemporary society, is a great progress of criminal legislation in ourcountry. Their ideas make sense,but author is more support for a finalviewpoint.The author holds a positive attitude of thisamendment----according to China’s national conditions,our country shouldstep by step abolish the death penalty.The third part mainly discussedforecast of China’s death penalty development. the first,general provisions ofcriminal law should further reduce the elderly age who don’t apply to thedeath penalty, perfect the criminal law provisions of death penalty, expandthe scope of offenders who do not apply to the death penalty and so on in thelegislation;specific provisions of criminal law should further abolish thedeath penalty of the all embezzlement and bribery crimes and the deathpenalty of other nonviolent crime, merger or abolish the death penaltycharges of the violent crime unnecessary,and slash death penaltyapplication of violent crime by means of development of the technology of legislation.the second, our country may compare, absorb and emulate theadvanced judicial ideas of America, South Korea and Japan in the judicialpractice:1.our country need to further standardize the procedure of deathpenalty application, establish more strict judicial supervision mechanismand more comprehensive relief measures;2. our country should make morepeople to participate in legal change and movement,really make legislationfor people;3.our country should narrow the scope of death penaltyapplication and strictly abide by the procedure of death penalty application.At the same time,we use long-term freedom penalty, limit commutation, etcway to reduce and limit the application of the death penalty,and put judgeunder "sunshine",so as to make people supervise the trial andexecution,protect the victim, the witness especially criminal suspects’legitimate rights and interests,guarantee open,timely,independentjudgment.All in all,through "Criminal Law Amendment (Eight)" content researched by author and different attitude to "Criminal Law Amendment(Eight)" analyzed, I predict the development trend of China’s death penalty.

從《刑法修正案（八）》看我國死刑的走勢

摘要4-8Abstract8-13引言16-23一、《刑法修正案（八）》對我國死刑的修改23-37    （一） 對刑法總則進行的修改23-29    （二） 對刑法分則進行的修改29-37二、關(guān)于《刑法修正案（八）》引發(fā)死刑爭論的評析37-65    （一） 由《刑法修正案（八）》引發(fā)關(guān)于死刑的爭論37-49    （二） 關(guān)于《刑法修正案（八）》引發(fā)的有關(guān)死刑爭論的分析49-51    （三） 筆者對此次死刑修改的看法51-65三、中國死刑走勢的展望65-84    （一） 立法上進一步限制、減少死刑65-74    （二） 司法上進一步控制死刑的適用74-84結(jié)語84-85參考文獻85-90作者簡介及科研成果90-91致謝91-92

  本文關(guān)鍵詞：從《刑法修正案（八）》看我國死刑的走勢，由筆耕文化傳播整理發(fā)布。