本文關(guān)鍵詞： 胎兒權(quán)益 權(quán)利能力 立法模式 法律救濟　出處：《西北大學》2013年碩士論文　論文類型：學位論文

【摘要】：近年來我國胎兒受侵害的事件頻頻發(fā)生,但法律關(guān)于胎兒權(quán)益保護的規(guī)定明顯落后,僅在繼承法中略有提及。立法的空白使得胎兒處于被動的“接受侵害”的狀態(tài),在接受侵害之后,更因為缺少相關(guān)法律救濟而不能要求加害人承擔相應(yīng)的責任。隨著人權(quán)觀念、公民維權(quán)意識的不斷提高,生物、醫(yī)學技術(shù)的不斷進步,人們對胎兒權(quán)益的關(guān)注日益加強,必然要求現(xiàn)行立法對該問題做出回應(yīng)。為解決這個問題,本文試圖通過五個部分對胎兒權(quán)益保護進行探討。第一部分,介紹去年發(fā)生的重大案例引出胎兒權(quán)益保護問題。第二部分主要界定胎兒的法律含義,胎兒是指處于母體胎盤中所有階段的生命形式,包括受孕期間孕卵、胚胎、胎兒三個階段。在比較胎兒與自然人特性的基礎(chǔ)上,分析胎兒權(quán)益保護的理論基礎(chǔ),采納權(quán)利能力說中完全權(quán)利能力說的法定解除條件說,提出應(yīng)當賦予胎兒權(quán)利能力的建議。第三部分主要介紹域外胎兒權(quán)益保護的立法概況,分為國外立法概況和我國港澳臺地區(qū)的立法概況,國外大陸法系主要采用總括性保護主義,個別性保護主義及絕對主義三種立法例,國外英美法系主要采用判例法保護胎兒損害賠償請求權(quán),我國港澳臺地區(qū)也對胎兒權(quán)益作了相應(yīng)保護,在了解和分析的基礎(chǔ)上進行歸納總結(jié),指出我國法律建設(shè)可采納的先進立法。第四部分主要研究我國大陸地區(qū)胎兒權(quán)益保護現(xiàn)狀,發(fā)現(xiàn)我國胎兒權(quán)益保護存在的立法不足。第五部分主要針對目前我國立法存在的不足,借鑒域外先進經(jīng)驗,闡述相關(guān)胎兒權(quán)益保護的完善建議。
[Abstract]:In recent years, the infringing events of fetus occurred frequently in our country, but the legal provisions on the protection of fetal rights and interests were obviously backward. Only a slight mention is made in the inheritance law... The blank legislation makes the fetus in a passive state of "accepting an infringement", after accepting the infringement. More because of the lack of relevant legal remedies can not require perpetrators to bear the corresponding responsibilities. With the concept of human rights, citizens' awareness of human rights, biological, medical technology continues to improve. People pay more and more attention to fetal rights and interests, which will inevitably require the current legislation to respond to this problem. In order to solve this problem, this paper attempts to discuss the protection of fetal rights and interests through five parts. The first part. The second part mainly defines the legal meaning of the fetus, which refers to the life form in all stages of the mother's placenta, including the pregnant egg during pregnancy. On the basis of comparing the characteristics of fetus and natural person, this paper analyzes the theoretical basis of fetal rights and interests protection, and adopts the legal release condition theory of full right capacity theory in the theory of right capacity. The third part mainly introduces the legislative overview of the protection of foreign fetal rights and interests, including the general situation of foreign legislation and the legislative overview of Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan. Foreign civil law system mainly adopts three kinds of legislation examples: omnibus protectionism, individual protectionism and absolutism, while the common law system mainly adopts case law to protect the right to claim for fetal damages. Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan in China have also made a corresponding protection of fetal rights and interests, on the basis of understanding and analysis to sum up. It is pointed out that the advanced legislation adopted in the legal construction of our country. Part 4th mainly studies the present situation of the protection of fetal rights and interests in mainland China. It is found that there is insufficient legislation for the protection of fetal rights and interests in our country. Part 5th mainly aims at the shortcomings of legislation in our country at present, draws lessons from the advanced experience of foreign countries, and expounds the relevant suggestions for improving the protection of fetal rights and interests.
【學位授予單位】：西北大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2013
【分類號】：D921;D923

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本文編號：1481323