本文選題：機(jī)會(huì)喪失　切入點(diǎn)：因果關(guān)系　出處：《山東大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：在醫(yī)療侵權(quán)領(lǐng)域,因?yàn)獒t(yī)生延誤診治導(dǎo)致患者存活或治愈機(jī)會(huì)減少甚至喪失的情況并不少見(jiàn)。這種情況下,患者的機(jī)會(huì)喪失應(yīng)否獲得賠償,機(jī)會(huì)利益能否納入侵權(quán)法的保護(hù)范圍之內(nèi),成為侵權(quán)法保護(hù)的客體,都是值得去探討的問(wèn)題。在我國(guó),侵權(quán)法所保護(hù)的權(quán)利和利益一般是不包括機(jī)會(huì)利益的。但是,現(xiàn)實(shí)中生存或治愈機(jī)會(huì)喪失的案例層出不窮,醫(yī)患矛盾沖突愈演愈烈,如何保障患者的機(jī)會(huì)利益,確�；颊叩玫竭m當(dāng)?shù)闹委煶蔀橐粋�(gè)新的熱點(diǎn)問(wèn)題�？梢哉f(shuō),醫(yī)療過(guò)失造成的對(duì)于機(jī)會(huì)喪失的損害賠償不僅是法律方面的問(wèn)題,也是一個(gè)社會(huì)政策問(wèn)題關(guān)乎社會(huì)整體成本。到目前為止,此類案件中的兩個(gè)關(guān)鍵問(wèn)題主要涉及到損害和因果關(guān)系。傳統(tǒng)的侵權(quán)理論在機(jī)會(huì)喪失案件面前,常常難以使被害人的利益得到很好的保護(hù)。對(duì)于損害,傳統(tǒng)的侵權(quán)法理論一般要求,被加害的必須是法律保護(hù)的權(quán)利或利益,而且這種損害至少在訴訟中應(yīng)是確定的和已知的。然而,機(jī)會(huì)喪失案件中,機(jī)會(huì)本身具有不確定性,機(jī)會(huì)利益能不能成為侵權(quán)法保護(hù)的利益,在我國(guó)不無(wú)疑問(wèn)。對(duì)于因果關(guān)系,按傳統(tǒng)的侵權(quán)責(zé)任賠償理念,要證明醫(yī)生的過(guò)失行為與患者機(jī)會(huì)喪失之間達(dá)到高度蓋然性的因果關(guān)系。患者的死亡或傷殘很大程度上是由自身疾病引起的,很難證明醫(yī)療方的過(guò)失是造成生存機(jī)會(huì)喪失的必要條件,醫(yī)生很容易逃避責(zé)任�；颊咴诖婊顧C(jī)會(huì)喪失后卻得不到賠償,明顯有悖公平。為了充分保護(hù)患者的權(quán)益以及在醫(yī)生和患者之間合理的分配責(zé)任,許多國(guó)家包括美國(guó)、法國(guó)、日本等都引入了機(jī)會(huì)喪失理論來(lái)處理醫(yī)療過(guò)失問(wèn)題,認(rèn)為機(jī)會(huì)是有價(jià)值的,應(yīng)當(dāng)納入侵權(quán)法的保護(hù)體系給予救濟(jì)。處理醫(yī)療過(guò)失引起的機(jī)會(huì)喪失損害賠償案件時(shí),我們要對(duì)傳統(tǒng)的侵權(quán)行為法理論進(jìn)行突破,探索合理的平衡：一方面確保公平正義的法律價(jià)值的實(shí)現(xiàn),另一方面維護(hù)法律的穩(wěn)定性。本文基于這樣的目的進(jìn)行研究,試圖找到一條解決機(jī)會(huì)喪失損害賠償問(wèn)題的法律路徑。本文分為五個(gè)部分：第一部分介紹機(jī)會(huì)喪失理論的主要內(nèi)容和賠償?shù)睦碚撘罁?jù),并對(duì)機(jī)會(huì)喪失理論在各國(guó)的發(fā)展進(jìn)行了探究；第二部分對(duì)因果關(guān)系進(jìn)行分析,認(rèn)為應(yīng)采取寬松的態(tài)度,采比例因果關(guān)系說(shuō)為宜；第三部分對(duì)機(jī)會(huì)喪失的損害進(jìn)行重新界定,認(rèn)為損害賠償?shù)姆秶鷳?yīng)以被害人喪失的機(jī)會(huì)為限,不必全部賠償；介紹了外國(guó)法院在損害計(jì)算上的四種方法并加以比較：第四部分從機(jī)會(huì)喪失理論的適用產(chǎn)生的問(wèn)題入手,說(shuō)明機(jī)會(huì)喪失理論適用并不是隨意的,應(yīng)對(duì)其進(jìn)行限定；第五部分對(duì)我國(guó)當(dāng)前狀況進(jìn)行分析,對(duì)我國(guó)能否引入機(jī)會(huì)喪失理論進(jìn)行考量。
[Abstract]:In the area of medical abuse, it is not uncommon for a patient to have a reduced or lost chance of survival or cure as a result of delayed treatment by a doctor. In this case, should the patient's loss of opportunity be compensated, It is worth discussing whether opportunity interests can be included in the scope of protection of tort law and become the object of tort law protection. In our country, the rights and interests protected by tort law generally do not include opportunity interests. In reality, there are endless cases of loss of chances of survival or cure, and conflicts between doctors and patients become more and more serious. How to protect the opportunity interests of patients and ensure that patients get proper treatment has become a new hot issue. Compensation for loss of opportunity caused by medical negligence is not only a legal issue, but also a social policy issue that concerns the cost of society as a whole. The two key issues in such cases are mainly related to damage and causality. Traditional tort theory is often difficult to protect the interests of the victim in the face of a case of loss of opportunity. Traditional tort law theory generally requires that the harm must be caused by the rights or interests protected by the law, and that such damage should at least be certain and known in the proceedings. However, in the case of loss of opportunity, the opportunity itself is uncertain. Whether the opportunity interests can be protected by tort law is not without doubt in our country. For causality, according to the traditional concept of tort liability compensation, To prove that there is a high degree of causality between the doctor's negligent behavior and the patient's loss of opportunity. A patient's death or disability is largely caused by his own illness. It is difficult to prove that medical negligence is a necessary condition for loss of chances of survival. Doctors can easily evade responsibility. Patients who have lost their chances of survival are not compensated. It is clearly contrary to fairness. In order to fully protect the rights of patients and to properly distribute responsibilities between doctors and patients, many countries, including the United States, France, and Japan, have introduced the theory of loss of opportunity to deal with medical negligence. It is believed that opportunities are valuable and should be brought into the protection system of tort law to provide relief. When dealing with cases of loss of opportunity and compensation for damages caused by medical negligence, we should break through the traditional theory of tort law. To explore a reasonable balance: on the one hand to ensure the realization of the legal value of fairness and justice, on the other hand, to maintain the stability of the law. This paper is divided into five parts: the first part introduces the main contents of the theory of loss of opportunity and the theoretical basis of compensation. In the second part, the author analyzes the causality and thinks that it is appropriate to adopt the theory of proportional causality, and the third part redefines the damage caused by the loss of opportunity. The author considers that the scope of compensation for damages should be limited to the opportunities lost by the victims, and does not need full compensation. This paper introduces and compares four methods used by foreign courts in the calculation of damages: part 4th begins with the problems arising from the application of the theory of loss of opportunity. It shows that the application of the theory of opportunity loss is not random and should be limited. Part 5th analyzes the current situation of our country and considers whether we can introduce the theory of loss of opportunity.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：山東大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：D923

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相關(guān)期刊論文 前1條

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本文編號(hào)：1626580