論兒童最大利益原則在離婚親子關(guān)系中的實(shí)現(xiàn)
發(fā)布時間：2019-05-11 00:20
【摘要】：兒童最大利益原則作為《兒童權(quán)利公約》的一個重要的綱領(lǐng)性原則,確立后為各國在立法中逐步實(shí)施,開啟了兒童權(quán)利保護(hù)事業(yè)的全新時代。我國經(jīng)歷了改革開放三十多年的快速發(fā)展,婚姻法理念迅速傳播,國民的婚姻觀念發(fā)生了很大改變,離婚自由的理念逐漸深入人心,離婚率也在不斷上升。離婚自由同結(jié)婚自由一樣,是我們應(yīng)該不斷繼承和發(fā)展的婚姻制度。但作為體現(xiàn)個人自由的法定權(quán)利,離婚自由權(quán)應(yīng)被“正當(dāng)與適當(dāng)”的行使,不應(yīng)侵犯到其他人的合法權(quán)益。在現(xiàn)代社會,特別是中國當(dāng)代,離婚自由權(quán)往往被“過度”行使,并與忽視未成年子女利益相關(guān)聯(lián),引起了一些社會問題,婚姻法學(xué)界也開始了對如何在個人自由與社會正義兩端實(shí)現(xiàn)平衡的廣泛探討。兒童是社會發(fā)展的未來與希望,其法律地位和基本權(quán)利應(yīng)為法律所確認(rèn)和保護(hù)。國家、社會和家庭都有義務(wù)在保護(hù)兒童權(quán)利上付出更多的努力,以實(shí)現(xiàn)保護(hù)弱者的正義觀念。 本論文研究的主要問題包括: (1)通過對兒童最大利益原則的研究,分析其內(nèi)涵、確立的意義和價值,并展開以兒童最大利益原則對離婚自由予以適當(dāng)限制的討論。在離婚關(guān)系中,要堅持離婚自由;在離婚親子關(guān)系中,則要辯證的分析離婚自由權(quán)的行使可能對實(shí)現(xiàn)兒童最大利益產(chǎn)生的影響。針對離婚自由權(quán)利被過度行使以致侵犯到兒童合法權(quán)益的情況,應(yīng)以兒童最大利益原則對離婚自由予以適當(dāng)?shù)南拗啤?(2)從我國的《婚姻法》、《未成年人保護(hù)法》等相關(guān)法律中,總結(jié)我國在離婚親子關(guān)系中涉及兒童利益的相關(guān)規(guī)定,分析探討其立法理念之不足、法律規(guī)定之欠缺,以便更好的探索完善之途徑。 (3)縱觀德國、澳大利亞、美國、英國等國的離婚親子關(guān)系立法均對兒童利益進(jìn)行了較為完善的保護(hù),通過研究國外法律在離婚親子關(guān)系中涉及兒童利益的相關(guān)規(guī)定,分析其子女本位的立法理念和完善的制度性設(shè)置,尋求我國可以借鑒吸收的經(jīng)驗(yàn)和做法。 (4)提出關(guān)于完善我國在離婚親子關(guān)系中對兒童保護(hù)的建議。首先要從立法上對兒童的權(quán)利做出全面的確認(rèn),在實(shí)體法上保護(hù)兒童的各項權(quán)利。其次,通過司法、行政等多方面制度的完善,確保兒童權(quán)利在程序法上有所保障,使未成年子女在離婚過程中的撫養(yǎng)權(quán)、探望權(quán)、財產(chǎn)權(quán)等合法權(quán)利不受侵害。 本文通過研究這些問題,深刻分析如何在離婚親子關(guān)系中實(shí)現(xiàn)兒童最大利益原則。根據(jù)我國的實(shí)際情況,處理好離婚自由與兒童最大利益原則兩者的關(guān)系,實(shí)現(xiàn)二者的平衡,針對涉及離婚條件、離婚程序、未成年子女的撫養(yǎng)權(quán)、探望權(quán)、財產(chǎn)權(quán)等法律進(jìn)行修訂和完善。
[Abstract]:As an important programmatic principle of the Convention on the Rights of the Child (CRC), the principle of the best interests of the child has been gradually implemented in the legislation of various countries after the establishment of the principle, which has opened a new era for the cause of the protection of children's rights. China has experienced the rapid development of reform and opening up for more than 30 years, the concept of marriage law has been spread rapidly, the concept of marriage has changed greatly, the idea of freedom of divorce has gradually been deeply rooted in the hearts of the people, and the divorce rate is also rising. Freedom of divorce, like freedom of marriage, is a marriage system that we should inherit and develop constantly. However, as the legal right to individual freedom, the right to divorce should be exercised "properly and appropriately" and should not infringe on the legitimate rights and interests of others. In modern society, especially in contemporary China, the right to divorce is often "overexercised" and associated with the neglect of the interests of underage children, resulting in some social problems. The field of marriage law has also begun to discuss how to strike a balance between individual freedom and social justice. Children are the future and hope of social development, and their legal status and fundamental rights should be recognized and protected by law. The state, society and the family have an obligation to do more to protect the rights of the child in order to achieve the concept of justice to protect the weak. The main problems of this thesis are as follows: (1) through the study of the principle of the best interests of the child, the connotation, the significance and the value of the principle of the best interests of the child are analyzed, and the freedom of divorce is properly restricted by the principle of the best interests of the child. In divorce relationship, we should insist on divorce freedom, and in divorce parent-child relationship, we should dialectically analyze the influence of the exercise of divorce freedom on the realization of children's best interests. In view of the fact that the right to divorce freedom is overexercised so as to infringe on the legitimate rights and interests of children, the freedom of divorce should be properly restricted according to the principle of the best interests of the child. (2) from the Marriage Law, the Law on Protection of minors and other relevant laws, this paper summarizes the relevant provisions concerning the interests of children in the relationship between parents and children in divorce in China, and analyzes and discusses the shortcomings of its legislative ideas and legal provisions. In order to better explore and improve the way. (3) throughout Germany, Australia, the United States, the United Kingdom and other countries divorce parent-child relationship legislation has carried out a more perfect protection of the interests of the child, through the study of foreign laws in divorce parent-child relationship involving the child's interests related provisions, This paper analyzes the legislative idea and perfect institutional setting of the children's standard, and seeks the experiences and practices that our country can draw lessons from. (4) put forward some suggestions on perfecting the protection of children in divorce parent-child relationship in our country. First of all, we should make a comprehensive confirmation of children's rights in legislation and protect children's rights in substantive law. Secondly, through the improvement of judicial, administrative and other aspects of the system, to ensure that the rights of children in the procedural law to ensure that the minor children in the divorce process custody rights, visitation rights, property rights and other legitimate rights are not infringed. Through the study of these problems, this paper deeply analyzes how to realize the principle of the best interests of the child in divorce parent-child relationship. According to the actual situation of our country, we should deal with the relationship between freedom of divorce and the principle of best interests of children, and realize the balance between the two, aiming at the conditions of divorce, divorce procedure, custody and visitation rights of minor children. Laws such as property rights are amended and improved.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國政法大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2010
【分類號】：D923.9
[Abstract]:As an important programmatic principle of the Convention on the Rights of the Child (CRC), the principle of the best interests of the child has been gradually implemented in the legislation of various countries after the establishment of the principle, which has opened a new era for the cause of the protection of children's rights. China has experienced the rapid development of reform and opening up for more than 30 years, the concept of marriage law has been spread rapidly, the concept of marriage has changed greatly, the idea of freedom of divorce has gradually been deeply rooted in the hearts of the people, and the divorce rate is also rising. Freedom of divorce, like freedom of marriage, is a marriage system that we should inherit and develop constantly. However, as the legal right to individual freedom, the right to divorce should be exercised "properly and appropriately" and should not infringe on the legitimate rights and interests of others. In modern society, especially in contemporary China, the right to divorce is often "overexercised" and associated with the neglect of the interests of underage children, resulting in some social problems. The field of marriage law has also begun to discuss how to strike a balance between individual freedom and social justice. Children are the future and hope of social development, and their legal status and fundamental rights should be recognized and protected by law. The state, society and the family have an obligation to do more to protect the rights of the child in order to achieve the concept of justice to protect the weak. The main problems of this thesis are as follows: (1) through the study of the principle of the best interests of the child, the connotation, the significance and the value of the principle of the best interests of the child are analyzed, and the freedom of divorce is properly restricted by the principle of the best interests of the child. In divorce relationship, we should insist on divorce freedom, and in divorce parent-child relationship, we should dialectically analyze the influence of the exercise of divorce freedom on the realization of children's best interests. In view of the fact that the right to divorce freedom is overexercised so as to infringe on the legitimate rights and interests of children, the freedom of divorce should be properly restricted according to the principle of the best interests of the child. (2) from the Marriage Law, the Law on Protection of minors and other relevant laws, this paper summarizes the relevant provisions concerning the interests of children in the relationship between parents and children in divorce in China, and analyzes and discusses the shortcomings of its legislative ideas and legal provisions. In order to better explore and improve the way. (3) throughout Germany, Australia, the United States, the United Kingdom and other countries divorce parent-child relationship legislation has carried out a more perfect protection of the interests of the child, through the study of foreign laws in divorce parent-child relationship involving the child's interests related provisions, This paper analyzes the legislative idea and perfect institutional setting of the children's standard, and seeks the experiences and practices that our country can draw lessons from. (4) put forward some suggestions on perfecting the protection of children in divorce parent-child relationship in our country. First of all, we should make a comprehensive confirmation of children's rights in legislation and protect children's rights in substantive law. Secondly, through the improvement of judicial, administrative and other aspects of the system, to ensure that the rights of children in the procedural law to ensure that the minor children in the divorce process custody rights, visitation rights, property rights and other legitimate rights are not infringed. Through the study of these problems, this paper deeply analyzes how to realize the principle of the best interests of the child in divorce parent-child relationship. According to the actual situation of our country, we should deal with the relationship between freedom of divorce and the principle of best interests of children, and realize the balance between the two, aiming at the conditions of divorce, divorce procedure, custody and visitation rights of minor children. Laws such as property rights are amended and improved.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國政法大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2010
【分類號】：D923.9
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