【摘要】：婚姻中的夫妻關系是一種身份關系,在此基礎上形成的夫妻財產關系在現代社會越來越具有重要性和復雜性。夫妻共同財產制是調整我國夫妻財產關系的重要法律制度,在調整夫妻財產關系方面發(fā)揮著重要作用,對家庭的和諧和社會的穩(wěn)定具有重要現實意義。我國婚姻法將夫妻共同財產制度分散規(guī)定于家庭關系和離婚制度部分,且現有規(guī)定已經難以充分反映我國當前社會經濟的發(fā)展狀況,難以滿足司法實踐中對夫妻共同財產進行認定和分割的客觀需要。適時對夫妻共同財產關系進行專章法律規(guī)范的時機已經成熟,有必要對婚姻法相關內容進行修改和全面調整。我國關于夫妻財產制的立法經歷可概括為“一次立法、兩次修訂、三個解釋”。從1950年《中華人民共和國婚姻法》所采用的“一般共同制”,到1980年修訂《婚姻法》將“一般共同制”變更為“婚后所得共同制”,再到2001年修訂《婚姻法》將夫妻婚后所得共同制、個人特有財產制確立為我國法定夫妻財產制,最高人民法院“三個解釋”從解決司法實踐問題的角度對我國夫妻財產制度進行了細化和完善。隨著社會的進步和發(fā)展,財產的種類、形態(tài)和價值均對傳統(tǒng)財產有所突破,因而面對復雜多變的夫妻財產關系,現有的夫妻共同財產制逐漸凸顯出諸多滯后和不足。如在夫妻雙方的財產共有權的規(guī)定上,我國《婚姻法》僅粗略的規(guī)定了“夫妻對共同所有的財產有平等之處理權”,而沒有具體明晰夫妻共同共有的財產的具體權利和義務。全文通過對夫妻共同財產法律制度的研究背景、目的及意義的闡述,對國內外研究現狀的分析,明確了寫作思路和研究方法,為深入研究夫妻共同財產制厘清思路,形成清晰的脈絡。在探討夫妻共同財產制的相關理論的基礎上,通過對夫妻共同財產制的歷史發(fā)展進行梳理,以及對德國、美國、法國等國家和我國臺灣地區(qū)的夫妻共同財產制度進行比較研究,揭示夫妻共同財產制的內涵,對我國現行夫妻共同財產制的現狀及問題進行分析,最終對我國夫妻財產制度的完善提出相應的立法建議。
[Abstract]:The relationship between husband and wife in marriage is a kind of identity relationship, and the property relationship between husband and wife formed on this basis is more and more important and complicated in modern society. The joint property system of husband and wife is an important legal system to adjust the property relationship of husband and wife in our country. It plays an important role in adjusting the property relationship of husband and wife. It is of great practical significance to the harmony of family and the stability of society. The Marriage Law of our country distributes the common property system of husband and wife to the part of family relations and divorce system, and the existing provisions cannot fully reflect the current social and economic development of our country. It is difficult to meet the objective need of identifying and dividing the joint property of husband and wife in judicial practice. The time is ripe to regulate the joint property relationship of husband and wife, so it is necessary to revise and adjust the relevant contents of marriage law. The legislative experience of husband and wife property system in China can be summarized as "one legislation, two amendments and three interpretations". From the "general common system" adopted in the 1950 Marriage Law of the people's Republic of China, to the 1980 amendment of the Marriage Law, the "general common system" was changed into the "common system of income after marriage". In 2001, the Marriage Law was amended to establish the joint system of marital income and the system of personal property as the legal system of marital property in China. The "three interpretations" of Supreme people's Court have refined and perfected the marital property system from the angle of solving the judicial practice problem. With the progress and development of the society, the types, forms and values of the property have made a breakthrough to the traditional property. Therefore, in the face of the complex and changeable property relationship between husband and wife, the existing common property system of husband and wife has gradually highlighted many lags and deficiencies. For example, in the regulation of the joint ownership of property between husband and wife, the Marriage Law of our country only provides roughly that "husband and wife have equal right to deal with the jointly owned property", but they do not have the specific rights and obligations of the joint property of husband and wife. Through the analysis of the background, purpose and significance of the legal system of marital joint property, and the analysis of the present research situation at home and abroad, this paper clarifies the writing ideas and research methods, and clarifies the train of thought for the further study of the joint property system of husband and wife. Form a clear thread. On the basis of discussing the related theories of husband and wife's joint property system, through combing the historical development of the couple's joint property system, and making a comparative study of the couple's common property system in Germany, the United States, France and the Taiwan area of our country. This paper reveals the connotation of the marital joint property system, analyzes the present situation and problems of the current marital joint property system in China, and finally puts forward corresponding legislative suggestions for the perfection of the husband and wife property system in our country.
【學位授予單位】：哈爾濱工程大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：D923.9

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