形成權(quán)行使問題探析
發(fā)布時間：2018-12-31 08:07
【摘要】： 形成權(quán)是大陸法系特有的概念,由德國學(xué)者澤克爾(Scekel)首創(chuàng)。其產(chǎn)生的背景在于當(dāng)時德國正在進行的訴訟法與實體法的劃分,為了為訴訟法上的形成之訴找到實體法上的依據(jù)。形成權(quán)的提出,不僅為訴訟法上的形成之訴找到了實體法上的依據(jù),而且擴張了權(quán)利的范疇,使權(quán)利譜系更加完整。因此,德國法學(xué)家Hans Dolle將其稱為法學(xué)上的發(fā)現(xiàn)。形成權(quán)發(fā)展至今,學(xué)說上一致認(rèn)為其是依照權(quán)利人單方的意思表示就能使既存的法律關(guān)系發(fā)生變動的權(quán)利集合體。形成權(quán)以法律關(guān)系為客體,并具有迅速確定法律關(guān)系的功能。在形成權(quán)的類型中,最重要的一種分類就是把形成權(quán)分為單純形成權(quán)、形成訴權(quán)與形成反對權(quán),單純形成權(quán)是形成權(quán)的常態(tài),其一般通過單方意思表示行使。在特殊情形下,單純形成權(quán)也可以代理行使和代位行使。形成訴權(quán)是指必須通過訴訟方式行使的一類權(quán)利,當(dāng)形成權(quán)作為抗辯權(quán)的部分功能而在訴訟中行使的時候,就有了形成反對權(quán)這種非單純意義上的形成權(quán),從而也就引出了形成權(quán)在行使過程中的證明責(zé)任分配問題。我國實體法中雖然沒有典型意義上的形成訴權(quán),但是有三種形成訴權(quán)的行使是值得充分注意的。第一種分布在《合同法》中,即可撤銷合同中撤銷權(quán)的行使。第二種分布在《公司法》中,即股東對公司瑕疵決議的撤銷權(quán)的行使。第三種分布在《婚姻法》中,即可撤銷婚姻中的撤銷權(quán)的行使。由于我國很少有學(xué)者從形成權(quán)行使的角度對這三種權(quán)利進行研究,因此對此問題研究具有較深的理論價值與實踐意義。基于形成權(quán)的單方形成功能,需要對其進行較為嚴(yán)格的限制,這種限制主要表現(xiàn)為形成權(quán)行使不得附條件與附期限以及除斥期間對形成權(quán)行使的限制。
[Abstract]:Right of formation is a unique concept in the continental law system, which was pioneered by German scholar Zeckel (Scekel). Its background lies in the division of procedural law and substantive law in Germany at that time, in order to find the basis of substantive law for the formation of procedural law. The putting forward of the right of formation not only finds the basis of substantive law for the litigation of formation in procedural law, but also expands the category of right and makes the pedigree of right more complete. Therefore, the German jurist Hans Dolle called it a discovery in law. Since the development of the right of formation, it has been agreed that it is a collection of rights which can make the existing legal relationship change according to the unilateral expression of the will of the right holder. The right of formation takes the legal relation as the object and has the function of determining the legal relation quickly. In the type of formation right, the most important kind of classification is to divide the formation right into simple form right, form right of action and form right of opposition, simple right of formation is the normal state of formation right, which is generally exercised by unilateral expression of will. Under special circumstances, the pure formation right can also be exercised by proxy and subrogation. The forming right of action is a kind of right that must be exercised by way of litigation. When the right of formation is exercised in the litigation as part of the function of the right of defense, there is the right of formation and opposition, which is not a simple right of formation. Therefore, it leads to the distribution of burden of proof in the exercise of the right of formation. Although there is no typical formative right of action in the substantive law of our country, there are three kinds of formative right of action which are worthy of full attention. The first is distributed in contract Law, which can revoke the exercise of the right of rescission. The second kind is distributed in Company Law, that is, the exercise of shareholders' right to rescind the defective resolution of the company. The third kind distributes in the Marriage Law, can cancel the exercise of the right of rescission in the marriage. There are few scholars in China to study these three rights from the perspective of the exercise of the right of formation, so the research on this issue has deep theoretical value and practical significance. Based on the unilateral forming function of the formation right, it is necessary to restrict it strictly, which mainly shows that the exercise of the right of formation can not be subject to conditions and deadlines, and the restrictions on the exercise of the formation right during the period of exclusion.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：湖南大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2009
【分類號】：D913
本文編號：2396299
[Abstract]:Right of formation is a unique concept in the continental law system, which was pioneered by German scholar Zeckel (Scekel). Its background lies in the division of procedural law and substantive law in Germany at that time, in order to find the basis of substantive law for the formation of procedural law. The putting forward of the right of formation not only finds the basis of substantive law for the litigation of formation in procedural law, but also expands the category of right and makes the pedigree of right more complete. Therefore, the German jurist Hans Dolle called it a discovery in law. Since the development of the right of formation, it has been agreed that it is a collection of rights which can make the existing legal relationship change according to the unilateral expression of the will of the right holder. The right of formation takes the legal relation as the object and has the function of determining the legal relation quickly. In the type of formation right, the most important kind of classification is to divide the formation right into simple form right, form right of action and form right of opposition, simple right of formation is the normal state of formation right, which is generally exercised by unilateral expression of will. Under special circumstances, the pure formation right can also be exercised by proxy and subrogation. The forming right of action is a kind of right that must be exercised by way of litigation. When the right of formation is exercised in the litigation as part of the function of the right of defense, there is the right of formation and opposition, which is not a simple right of formation. Therefore, it leads to the distribution of burden of proof in the exercise of the right of formation. Although there is no typical formative right of action in the substantive law of our country, there are three kinds of formative right of action which are worthy of full attention. The first is distributed in contract Law, which can revoke the exercise of the right of rescission. The second kind is distributed in Company Law, that is, the exercise of shareholders' right to rescind the defective resolution of the company. The third kind distributes in the Marriage Law, can cancel the exercise of the right of rescission in the marriage. There are few scholars in China to study these three rights from the perspective of the exercise of the right of formation, so the research on this issue has deep theoretical value and practical significance. Based on the unilateral forming function of the formation right, it is necessary to restrict it strictly, which mainly shows that the exercise of the right of formation can not be subject to conditions and deadlines, and the restrictions on the exercise of the formation right during the period of exclusion.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：湖南大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2009
【分類號】：D913
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