本文選題：離婚 + 監(jiān)護權�。� 參考：《北京化工大學》2010年碩士論文

【摘要】： 父母離婚之后,父母子女間的權利義務(本文指父母對未成年子女的監(jiān)護權)內容仍同于從前,包括人身監(jiān)護和財產監(jiān)護。但是,離婚后父母分開居住,父母對未成年子女的監(jiān)護權的歸屬情況和行使情況也發(fā)生相應變化。離婚后,父母對未成年子女的監(jiān)護權的歸屬存在兩種模式：單獨享有監(jiān)護權模式和共同享有監(jiān)護權模式；父母對未成年子女的監(jiān)護權的行使存在三種模式：單獨行使監(jiān)護權模式、共同行使監(jiān)護權模式和第三人行使監(jiān)護權模式。本文研究重點為離婚后父母對未成年子女的監(jiān)護權的行使模式。主要內容如下： 第一章：父母對未成年子女的監(jiān)護權概述。本章介紹了監(jiān)護權的歷史發(fā)展情況,對監(jiān)護權的歸屬模式和行使模式進行區(qū)分,并厘清兩者間的關系。 第二章：單獨行使監(jiān)護權模式。本章對該模式下直接撫養(yǎng)人的確定標準和間接撫養(yǎng)人的權利義務這兩個問題進行研究。針對前一問題,筆者從歷史發(fā)展角度對直接撫養(yǎng)人的確定標準進行分析,分別介紹了父權優(yōu)先原則、幼年原則、主要照顧者原則和兒童利益最大化原則。針對后一問題,筆者主要分析了間接撫養(yǎng)人的兩項權利義務：探望權和監(jiān)督權。 第三章：共同行使監(jiān)護權模式。在簡單介紹了該模式的概念和發(fā)展史后,筆者主要分析了該模式的適用條件,包括積極條件和消極條件。共同行使監(jiān)護權模式可分為三種類型：共同監(jiān)護、分配監(jiān)護和分割監(jiān)護。上述三種類型各有特點,具有各自的適用條件。筆者還將我國《子女撫養(yǎng)意見》中規(guī)定的輪流撫養(yǎng)模式與分配監(jiān)護進行比較分析,指出我國立法對輪流撫養(yǎng)模式規(guī)定的不足之處并提出相關修改意見。 第四章：第三人行使監(jiān)護權模式。本章重點分析該模式的三個適用條件,包括未成年子女的父母不適合或不愿意行使監(jiān)護權、第三人的監(jiān)護資格和未成年子女的意愿等。筆者還分析了該模式在中國應用的可行性和必要性。 在總結前文研究和論述的基礎上,本文提出以下立法建議：1.應當明確區(qū)分離婚后父母對未成年子女的監(jiān)護權的歸屬模式和行使模式；2.應該明確規(guī)定,離婚后由父母雙方共同享有對未成年子女的監(jiān)護權；3.應該明確規(guī)定,對離婚后未成年子女的監(jiān)護權相關問題的處理應符合兒童利益最大化原則,并列舉一些具體參考因素；4.應明確規(guī)定離婚后父母對未成年子女的監(jiān)護權存在三種行使模式：單獨行使監(jiān)護權模式,共同行使監(jiān)護權模式和第三人行使監(jiān)護權模式。與此同時,還應規(guī)定這些模式的適用條件。
[Abstract]:After the divorce of parents, the rights and obligations between parents and children (this article refers to the custody of minor children) are still the same as before, including personal custody and property custody. However, after divorce, parents live separately, and the status and exercise of parental custody of minor children change accordingly. After divorce, there are two types of parental custody of minor children: separate guardianship and joint guardianship; There are three modes of parental guardianship over minor children: sole guardianship, joint guardianship and third party guardianship. This paper focuses on the exercise of parental custody of minor children after divorce. The main contents are as follows: Chapter 1: an overview of parental custody of minor children. This chapter introduces the historical development of guardianship, differentiates the mode of ownership and exercise of guardianship, and clarifies the relationship between them. Chapter II: individual exercise of guardianship model. This chapter studies the determination standard of direct dependant and the rights and obligations of indirect dependant. In view of the former problem, the author analyzes the criteria of direct dependant from the angle of historical development, and introduces the principle of paternity priority, the principle of infancy, the principle of main caretaker and the principle of maximizing the interests of children. Aiming at the latter problem, the author mainly analyzes two rights and obligations of indirect dependents: visitation right and supervision right. Chapter III: joint exercise of guardianship model. After a brief introduction of the concept and history of the model, the author mainly analyzes the applicable conditions of the model, including positive conditions and negative conditions. The mode of joint guardianship can be divided into three types: joint guardianship, distributed guardianship and divided guardianship. The above three types have their own characteristics and have their own applicable conditions. The author also makes a comparative analysis of the pattern of rotation and distribution of guardianship in the opinion of Child support in China, points out the deficiencies of the legislation of our country on the pattern of rotational maintenance and puts forward some relevant amendments. Chapter IV: the third party exercise custody mode. This chapter focuses on the analysis of the three applicable conditions of the model, including the parents of minor children are unsuitable or unwilling to exercise guardianship, the third party's guardianship qualification and the will of minor children, and so on. The author also analyzes the feasibility and necessity of applying this model in China. On the basis of summing up the previous research and discussion, this paper puts forward the following legislative proposals: 1. A clear distinction should be made between the mode of attribution and exercise of parental custody of minor children after divorce. It should be made clear that after divorce, both parents share custody of minor children. It should be made clear that the treatment of custody of minor children after divorce should be in line with the principle of maximizing the interests of the child, and list some specific reference factors. There should be three types of exercise of parental custody of minor children after divorce: sole exercise, joint exercise and third party. At the same time, conditions for the application of these models should also be specified.
【學位授予單位】：北京化工大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2010
【分類號】：D923

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本文編號：1877278