本文選題：意思自治　切入點：比較法研究　出處：《安徽大學》2017年碩士論文　論文類型：學位論文

【摘要】：當事人意思自治原則已是國際通行原則之一,不論是國內實體領域還是國際私法層面,意思自治原則逐漸突破合同領域,不斷向家庭法領域擴張。從契約角度分析,在婚姻關系、夫妻財產關系中適用意思自治是無可厚非的,在各國實體法和國際私法立法中已被廣泛采用。意思自治在向家庭法領域擴張的同時,在監(jiān)護領域廣泛適用意思自治的呼聲越來越大。從實體法中監(jiān)護制度適用意思自治的立法比較,到國際立法層面的立法分析,在監(jiān)護領域適用意思自治原則的都有著堅實的理論基礎,且其趨勢也是必然的。傳統(tǒng)實體法角度意思自治的本質就是契約自由,倡導的是私人自治理念。無論是在社會語境還是法學著作中,意思自治都有著圣神地位。法律的中心目的在于賦予人們自由意志可以追求其個人意愿,同時提供必要手段解決爭議沖突。意思自治是公民所擁有的重要權利之一,甚至可以被視為其他所有權利的本源。缺乏意思自治,我們所有的權利將成為一紙空文。意思自治原則倡導個人自由,其根源就在于西方國家所倡導的"契約自由"。家庭事項作為公民個人意愿表現最為明顯的領域,適用意思自治已有越來越多的法律依據。從某種角度說,監(jiān)護關系是有家庭關系產生的,監(jiān)護領域適用意思自治同樣有著堅實的理論基礎。設立監(jiān)護制度的目的主要是為了保護無民事行為能力人和限制民事行為能力人的合法權益,從而維護社會秩序的穩(wěn)定。意思自治在成年人監(jiān)護領域的適用主要體現在成年人意定監(jiān)護制度中。成年意定監(jiān)護制度是當事人意思自治原則在成年人監(jiān)護制度中適用典型。英美持續(xù)性代理制度、日本意定監(jiān)護制度以及德國照管制度是目前具有代表性的監(jiān)護制度,其中對于成年人意定監(jiān)護的規(guī)定也較為完善,在一定程度上也尊重和保護了當事人的意思自治。另一方面,意思自治在未成年人監(jiān)護制度中的適用主要體現在未成年人遺囑監(jiān)護制度和父母監(jiān)護協議的承認與執(zhí)行中。對于未成年人遺囑監(jiān)護制度,德國法與美國相關法律都有規(guī)定,并同時對其中的意思自治作了限制性規(guī)定。對于父母監(jiān)護協議的承認與執(zhí)行,目前雖然主要還是理論呼聲高于立法實踐,但從美國《路易斯安那州民法典》與《德國民法典》的相關規(guī)定可以得出,父母監(jiān)護協議理應得到承認與執(zhí)行。本文還從父母監(jiān)護協議的歷史與發(fā)展到理論學說基礎,論證了父母監(jiān)護協議應當得到承認與執(zhí)行。在國際監(jiān)護領域中,從《布魯塞爾條例Ⅱa》及其他相關國際條約的規(guī)定可以看出,在協議管轄規(guī)則、判決的承認與執(zhí)行等規(guī)定上,在國際監(jiān)護領域適用意思自治也是大勢所趨,理應擴大適用意思自治原則。國際監(jiān)護領域適用意思自治的規(guī)定并不明顯,原因在于弱者權益保護原則的存在。但意思自治與弱者保護的并不沖突,二者是相輔相成的關系,國際監(jiān)護中意思自治的途徑也是通過弱者保護實現的。結合我國監(jiān)護制度現狀,我國監(jiān)護制度也存在諸多不足,監(jiān)護制度改革也在進行當中。我國現行立法規(guī)定的監(jiān)護制度并沒有適用意思自治,新發(fā)布的《民法總則草案》中新增了成年人意定監(jiān)護制度未成年人遺囑監(jiān)護制度。這是我國監(jiān)護制度適用意思自治的重大改革。但其中的規(guī)定尚有不足,例如存在規(guī)定過于簡單,可操作性差等問題。對此,可以從增加公權監(jiān)督、細化立法規(guī)定等方面進行完善。
[Abstract]:The principle of party autonomy is one of the international conventions, whether domestic or international private law entity level, the principle of autonomy gradually break through the field of contract, expanding to the field of family law. The analysis from the perspective of the contract, in the marriage, for autonomy is no ground for blame of property between husband and wife, has been widely adopted in international law and private law autonomy in national entity. To expand the field of family law at the same time, autonomy is widely used in the field of guardianship grew louder. From the comparison of the guardianship system of substantive law applicable in autonomy legislation, to the analysis of international legislation legislation, have a solid theoretical foundation in the monitoring field for meaning the principle of autonomy, and the trend is inevitable. The traditional view of the substantive law of autonomy is the essence of freedom of contract, advocate is private self governance both read. In the social context and legal writings have the spirit of autonomy status. The law is to give people the purpose of free will can pursue their personal wishes, and provide the necessary means to resolve disputes conflict. Autonomy is one of the important rights of citizenship, and even can be regarded as the origin of all other rights. The lack of meaning autonomy, all our rights will become a mere scrap of paper. The principle of autonomy advocated individual freedom, which is rooted in the western countries advocated "freedom of contract". Family matters as citizens who wish the most obvious, the legal basis for the autonomy of more and more. From a certain point of view, there is a family of guardianship the relationship between the monitoring application of party autonomy also has a solid theoretical foundation. The establishment of guardianship system, the purpose is to protect the civil Capacity and limit the capacity of civil rights, so as to maintain the stability of social order. For autonomy in the field of adult guardianship is mainly reflected in the adult guardianship system. Adult guardianship system is the principle of party autonomy in the adult guardianship system in the application of typical persistent. Anglo American agency system, Japan. Guardianship system and Germany care system is the current representative of the guardianship system, including provisions for the adult guardianship is also more perfect, respect and protect the autonomy of the parties as to a certain extent. On the other hand, autonomy in the minors guardianship system in the application is mainly embodied in the minors admitted testamentary guardianship and parental custody agreement and execution. Wills for minors guardianship system, German law and American law have provisions At the same time, and the autonomy of the restrictions. As for the recognition and enforcement of parental custody agreement, although the main theory still louder than the legislative practice, but from the relevant provisions of the United States "Louisiana civil code" and "German Civil Code > it can be found that the parents custody agreement deserve recognition and enforcement. This article from the history and development of parental care protocols to the basic theories, demonstrates the parents custody agreement should be recognized and enforced in the international monitoring field, from the provisions of regulations of Brussels II a>" and other relevant international treaties can be seen in the agreement jurisdiction, recognition and enforcement of judgments and other provisions, but also represent the general trend in the application of autonomy in the field of international monitoring, should expand the application of the principle of autonomy. The provisions of the international monitoring for autonomy is not obvious, because of the weak right Interest protection principles exist. But autonomy and the protection of the weak are not in conflict, the two are complementary to each other, in the way of autonomy of international monitoring is achieved by the protection of the weak. With the current situation of China's guardianship system, guardianship system in our country there are many problems in supervision system reform of guardianship system is also underway. In our legislation does not apply to autonomy, the new release of "general principles of civil law > draft was added in the adult guardianship system for minors guardianship system. This is a major reform of China's guardianship system for autonomy. But the provisions are still insufficient, such as the existing provisions are too simple, operability poor. This can increase from the public power supervision, to improve the refinement of legislation and so on.

【學位授予單位】：安徽大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：D923

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本文編號：1569273