論保險人的法定解除權(quán)
發(fā)布時間：2018-09-12 14:56
【摘要】：人類社會隨時面臨著來自自然或社會的各種危險,為了抵御風(fēng)險,保險集合多數(shù)人的力量,形成保險責(zé)任金,在個人發(fā)生保險事故時,予以賠償,從而達到分散危險、消化損失的目的,并且促進了社會的穩(wěn)定。但是,在我國保險業(yè)運作的過程中,保險不規(guī)范行為時常發(fā)生。保險人藉其優(yōu)勢地位,占有專業(yè)的保險信息和制定格式條款等,并常在保險事故發(fā)生之后濫用法定解除權(quán)抗辯投保方提出的保險金給付請求。其原因在于國民保險意識不高,致使保險失信行為時常發(fā)生,深究根本在于保險法律規(guī)范的缺失,對保險人的解約行為失去了應(yīng)有的制約作用。為了規(guī)范保險人行使合同解除權(quán)的行為,平衡合同雙方的權(quán)益,維護保險市場健康發(fā)展,本文對保險合同的法定解除權(quán)進行了深入、系統(tǒng)的研究,以期對保險法的法定解除制度的進一步完善能有所裨益。本文分為引言、正文和結(jié)論三部分。其中,正文由以下四部分組成: 第一部分介紹了保險合同法定解除權(quán)的基本理論。先是確定保險合同法定解除權(quán)的概念范圍,通過對比與其相近的概念來深入了解其內(nèi)涵。續(xù)而分析法定解除權(quán)的性質(zhì)和立法分配,指出法定解除權(quán)的分配應(yīng)遵守“向投保人傾斜”的立法原則。保險合同是契約的一種,是雙方當事人意志一致的產(chǎn)物,依法成立的合同雙方都應(yīng)當嚴格依法履行,不得隨意解除。但是,在保險合同履行過程中,由于投保方的過錯行為或者客觀情勢變更導(dǎo)致危險狀況發(fā)生顯著的變化,如果要求保險方予以繼續(xù)履行,有失對價平衡。并且,由于投保方過錯致使保險合同難以為續(xù),要求投保方承擔不利法律后果是最大誠信原則的要求。所以,最大誠信原則和對價平衡原則是法定解除權(quán)產(chǎn)生的理論依據(jù),并在解除權(quán)的具體規(guī)則中起價值導(dǎo)向作用。 第二部分分析了保險合同法定解除權(quán)的適用事由。法律規(guī)定的法定解除權(quán)的行使條件多樣化,所以本章分節(jié)具體探討每一適用事由產(chǎn)生的緣由、行使的具體條件等,以求能保障保險人解除合同的合法性,防止其在不符合法定的條件下任意解除合同。法定解除權(quán)的適用事由具體分為未如實履行如實告知義務(wù),其中涵蓋了合同簽訂時和訂立后的告知義務(wù);惡意騙保;違反安全防護義務(wù);違反危險增加通知義務(wù);合同效力中止后兩年內(nèi)未達成復(fù)效協(xié)議。 第三部分探討了保險合同法定解除權(quán)的行使問題。在行使主體中,解除權(quán)行使的相對人應(yīng)當增加被保險人、受益人。保險人的解除行為之所以能夠?qū)κ芤嫒松?是因為受益人由期待利益轉(zhuǎn)化為了實體權(quán)利。保險人應(yīng)采用書面形式將解除的意思在規(guī)定的期限內(nèi)告知相對人,才能發(fā)生解除的效力。雖然解除權(quán)為保險人的利益而設(shè),但其權(quán)利應(yīng)受到嚴格的限制,以平衡與投保人之間地位實質(zhì)平等。否則,在特定的情形下,保險人的解除權(quán)將消滅,如經(jīng)過一定的除斥期間,棄權(quán)或投保方主張禁止反言。 第四部分解構(gòu)保險合同法定解除權(quán)的法律效力。保險人行使解除權(quán)會發(fā)生保險合同的效力歸于消滅的效力,但從何時消滅,涉及到法定解除權(quán)的溯及力問題。要分析保險法領(lǐng)域中解除權(quán)的溯及力問題,就不能脫離合同解除權(quán)的溯及力理論。按照合同法的規(guī)則,保險合同作為繼續(xù)性合同,其解除不具有溯及力。但由于保險合同不同于普通民商事合同,所以結(jié)合類型化研究方法,探討保險合同法定解除權(quán)何種情形下具有溯及力,從而對當事人雙方的權(quán)利義務(wù)作出合理的分配。 最后,基于上述分析討論,對完善我國保險合同法定解除制度提出若干建議,旨在限制保險人濫用合同解除權(quán),維護當事人雙方應(yīng)有的合法權(quán)益,使法律規(guī)范在實踐中能更好地發(fā)揮作用,進而促進我國保險市場的健康、和諧發(fā)展。
[Abstract]:Human society is faced with all kinds of dangers from nature or society at any time. In order to resist risks, insurance collects the strength of most people, forms insurance liability, and compensates them in case of personal insurance accidents, so as to disperse dangers, digest losses and promote social stability. The insurer, by virtue of his dominant position, holds professional insurance information and formulates standard clauses, and often abuses his statutory right of rescission to defend the insured's claim for payment of insurance money after the occurrence of an insurance accident. In order to regulate the behavior of the insurer in exercising the right to rescind the contract, balance the rights and interests of both parties to the contract, and safeguard the healthy development of the insurance market, this paper makes a thorough and systematic study on the legal right to rescind the insurance contract in order to regulate the behavior of the insurer in exercising the right to rescind the contract. This paper is divided into three parts: introduction, text and conclusion. The text consists of the following four parts:
The first part introduces the basic theory of the statutory right of rescission of insurance contracts. First, it defines the scope of the concept of the statutory right of rescission of insurance contracts. Then it analyzes the nature and legislative distribution of the statutory right of rescission, and points out that the distribution of the statutory right of rescission should abide by the legislation of "inclining to the insured". Principle of law. Insurance contract is a kind of contract, which is the product of the will of both parties. Both parties to the contract established according to law should strictly perform it according to law and can not be terminated at will. However, in the process of fulfilling the insurance contract, significant changes in the dangerous situation will occur due to the negligence of the insured party or changes in the objective situation, if required. If the insurer continues to perform the contract, the balance of consideration will be lost. Moreover, it is difficult to continue the contract because of the fault of the insured. It is the requirement of the principle of utmost good faith to require the insured to bear adverse legal consequences. Therefore, the principle of utmost good faith and the principle of balance of consideration are the theoretical basis for the legal right of rescission and play a role in the specific rules of the right of rescission. Value orientation.
The second part analyzes the reasons for the application of the statutory right of rescission of insurance contracts.The conditions for the exercise of the statutory right of rescission prescribed by law are diversified.Therefore, this chapter discusses in detail the causes of each applicable cause and the specific conditions for its exercise so as to ensure the legitimacy of the rescission of the insurance contract and prevent the insurer from assuming his duties under the conditions not in conformity with the statutory provisions. The application of the statutory right of rescission can be divided into three categories: failure to perform the duty of telling the truth, which covers the obligation of telling the truth at the time of signing the contract and after signing the contract; malicious fraud; breach of the obligation of security protection; breach of the obligation of notifying the increase of danger; failure to reach a resumption agreement within two years after the termination of the validity of the contract.
The third part discusses the exercise of the statutory right of rescission of insurance contracts.In the exercise of the right of rescission, the relative party should increase the insured and the beneficiary. Although the right of rescission is established for the benefit of the insurer, its rights should be strictly restricted to balance the status between the insured and the insured. Otherwise, under certain circumstances, the right of rescission of the insurer will be extinguished. If the period of exclusion is certain, the right of rescission of the insurer will be abandoned. The right or the insurer advocates the estoppel.
The fourth part deconstructs the legal effect of the right of rescission of an insurance contract.The exercise of the right of rescission by the insurer will result in the effect attributable to the extinction of the insurance contract. According to the rules of contract law, insurance contract, as a continuing contract, has no retrospective effect on its termination. However, because insurance contract is different from ordinary civil and commercial contract, this paper discusses the retrospective effect of the statutory right of termination of insurance contract by combining with typological research methods, so as to make a reasonable distinction between the rights and obligations of both parties. Match.
Finally, based on the above analysis and discussion, some suggestions are put forward to improve the legal termination system of insurance contracts in China, aiming at restricting the insurer's abuse of the right to terminate the contract, safeguarding the legitimate rights and interests of both parties, so that the legal norms can play a better role in practice, and thus promote the healthy and harmonious development of China's insurance market.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國政法大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2011
【分類號】：D922.284
本文編號：2239385
[Abstract]:Human society is faced with all kinds of dangers from nature or society at any time. In order to resist risks, insurance collects the strength of most people, forms insurance liability, and compensates them in case of personal insurance accidents, so as to disperse dangers, digest losses and promote social stability. The insurer, by virtue of his dominant position, holds professional insurance information and formulates standard clauses, and often abuses his statutory right of rescission to defend the insured's claim for payment of insurance money after the occurrence of an insurance accident. In order to regulate the behavior of the insurer in exercising the right to rescind the contract, balance the rights and interests of both parties to the contract, and safeguard the healthy development of the insurance market, this paper makes a thorough and systematic study on the legal right to rescind the insurance contract in order to regulate the behavior of the insurer in exercising the right to rescind the contract. This paper is divided into three parts: introduction, text and conclusion. The text consists of the following four parts:
The first part introduces the basic theory of the statutory right of rescission of insurance contracts. First, it defines the scope of the concept of the statutory right of rescission of insurance contracts. Then it analyzes the nature and legislative distribution of the statutory right of rescission, and points out that the distribution of the statutory right of rescission should abide by the legislation of "inclining to the insured". Principle of law. Insurance contract is a kind of contract, which is the product of the will of both parties. Both parties to the contract established according to law should strictly perform it according to law and can not be terminated at will. However, in the process of fulfilling the insurance contract, significant changes in the dangerous situation will occur due to the negligence of the insured party or changes in the objective situation, if required. If the insurer continues to perform the contract, the balance of consideration will be lost. Moreover, it is difficult to continue the contract because of the fault of the insured. It is the requirement of the principle of utmost good faith to require the insured to bear adverse legal consequences. Therefore, the principle of utmost good faith and the principle of balance of consideration are the theoretical basis for the legal right of rescission and play a role in the specific rules of the right of rescission. Value orientation.
The second part analyzes the reasons for the application of the statutory right of rescission of insurance contracts.The conditions for the exercise of the statutory right of rescission prescribed by law are diversified.Therefore, this chapter discusses in detail the causes of each applicable cause and the specific conditions for its exercise so as to ensure the legitimacy of the rescission of the insurance contract and prevent the insurer from assuming his duties under the conditions not in conformity with the statutory provisions. The application of the statutory right of rescission can be divided into three categories: failure to perform the duty of telling the truth, which covers the obligation of telling the truth at the time of signing the contract and after signing the contract; malicious fraud; breach of the obligation of security protection; breach of the obligation of notifying the increase of danger; failure to reach a resumption agreement within two years after the termination of the validity of the contract.
The third part discusses the exercise of the statutory right of rescission of insurance contracts.In the exercise of the right of rescission, the relative party should increase the insured and the beneficiary. Although the right of rescission is established for the benefit of the insurer, its rights should be strictly restricted to balance the status between the insured and the insured. Otherwise, under certain circumstances, the right of rescission of the insurer will be extinguished. If the period of exclusion is certain, the right of rescission of the insurer will be abandoned. The right or the insurer advocates the estoppel.
The fourth part deconstructs the legal effect of the right of rescission of an insurance contract.The exercise of the right of rescission by the insurer will result in the effect attributable to the extinction of the insurance contract. According to the rules of contract law, insurance contract, as a continuing contract, has no retrospective effect on its termination. However, because insurance contract is different from ordinary civil and commercial contract, this paper discusses the retrospective effect of the statutory right of termination of insurance contract by combining with typological research methods, so as to make a reasonable distinction between the rights and obligations of both parties. Match.
Finally, based on the above analysis and discussion, some suggestions are put forward to improve the legal termination system of insurance contracts in China, aiming at restricting the insurer's abuse of the right to terminate the contract, safeguarding the legitimate rights and interests of both parties, so that the legal norms can play a better role in practice, and thus promote the healthy and harmonious development of China's insurance market.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國政法大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2011
【分類號】：D922.284
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