【摘要】：人類社會(huì)隨時(shí)面臨著來(lái)自自然或社會(huì)的各種危險(xiǎn),為了抵御風(fēng)險(xiǎn),保險(xiǎn)集合多數(shù)人的力量,形成保險(xiǎn)責(zé)任金,在個(gè)人發(fā)生保險(xiǎn)事故時(shí),予以賠償,從而達(dá)到分散危險(xiǎn)、消化損失的目的,并且促進(jìn)了社會(huì)的穩(wěn)定。但是,在我國(guó)保險(xiǎn)業(yè)運(yùn)作的過(guò)程中,保險(xiǎn)不規(guī)范行為時(shí)常發(fā)生。保險(xiǎn)人藉其優(yōu)勢(shì)地位,占有專業(yè)的保險(xiǎn)信息和制定格式條款等,并常在保險(xiǎn)事故發(fā)生之后濫用法定解除權(quán)抗辯投保方提出的保險(xiǎn)金給付請(qǐng)求。其原因在于國(guó)民保險(xiǎn)意識(shí)不高,致使保險(xiǎn)失信行為時(shí)常發(fā)生,深究根本在于保險(xiǎn)法律規(guī)范的缺失,對(duì)保險(xiǎn)人的解約行為失去了應(yīng)有的制約作用。為了規(guī)范保險(xiǎn)人行使合同解除權(quán)的行為,平衡合同雙方的權(quán)益,維護(hù)保險(xiǎn)市場(chǎng)健康發(fā)展,本文對(duì)保險(xiǎn)合同的法定解除權(quán)進(jìn)行了深入、系統(tǒng)的研究,以期對(duì)保險(xiǎn)法的法定解除制度的進(jìn)一步完善能有所裨益。本文分為引言、正文和結(jié)論三部分。其中,正文由以下四部分組成: 第一部分介紹了保險(xiǎn)合同法定解除權(quán)的基本理論。先是確定保險(xiǎn)合同法定解除權(quán)的概念范圍,通過(guò)對(duì)比與其相近的概念來(lái)深入了解其內(nèi)涵。續(xù)而分析法定解除權(quán)的性質(zhì)和立法分配,指出法定解除權(quán)的分配應(yīng)遵守“向投保人傾斜”的立法原則。保險(xiǎn)合同是契約的一種,是雙方當(dāng)事人意志一致的產(chǎn)物,依法成立的合同雙方都應(yīng)當(dāng)嚴(yán)格依法履行,不得隨意解除。但是,在保險(xiǎn)合同履行過(guò)程中,由于投保方的過(guò)錯(cuò)行為或者客觀情勢(shì)變更導(dǎo)致危險(xiǎn)狀況發(fā)生顯著的變化,如果要求保險(xiǎn)方予以繼續(xù)履行,有失對(duì)價(jià)平衡。并且,由于投保方過(guò)錯(cuò)致使保險(xiǎn)合同難以為續(xù),要求投保方承擔(dān)不利法律后果是最大誠(chéng)信原則的要求。所以,最大誠(chéng)信原則和對(duì)價(jià)平衡原則是法定解除權(quán)產(chǎn)生的理論依據(jù),并在解除權(quán)的具體規(guī)則中起價(jià)值導(dǎo)向作用。 第二部分分析了保險(xiǎn)合同法定解除權(quán)的適用事由。法律規(guī)定的法定解除權(quán)的行使條件多樣化,所以本章分節(jié)具體探討每一適用事由產(chǎn)生的緣由、行使的具體條件等,以求能保障保險(xiǎn)人解除合同的合法性,防止其在不符合法定的條件下任意解除合同。法定解除權(quán)的適用事由具體分為未如實(shí)履行如實(shí)告知義務(wù),其中涵蓋了合同簽訂時(shí)和訂立后的告知義務(wù);惡意騙保;違反安全防護(hù)義務(wù);違反危險(xiǎn)增加通知義務(wù);合同效力中止后兩年內(nèi)未達(dá)成復(fù)效協(xié)議。 第三部分探討了保險(xiǎn)合同法定解除權(quán)的行使問(wèn)題。在行使主體中,解除權(quán)行使的相對(duì)人應(yīng)當(dāng)增加被保險(xiǎn)人、受益人。保險(xiǎn)人的解除行為之所以能夠?qū)κ芤嫒松?是因?yàn)槭芤嫒擞善诖孓D(zhuǎn)化為了實(shí)體權(quán)利。保險(xiǎn)人應(yīng)采用書面形式將解除的意思在規(guī)定的期限內(nèi)告知相對(duì)人,才能發(fā)生解除的效力。雖然解除權(quán)為保險(xiǎn)人的利益而設(shè),但其權(quán)利應(yīng)受到嚴(yán)格的限制,以平衡與投保人之間地位實(shí)質(zhì)平等。否則,在特定的情形下,保險(xiǎn)人的解除權(quán)將消滅,如經(jīng)過(guò)一定的除斥期間,棄權(quán)或投保方主張禁止反言。 第四部分解構(gòu)保險(xiǎn)合同法定解除權(quán)的法律效力。保險(xiǎn)人行使解除權(quán)會(huì)發(fā)生保險(xiǎn)合同的效力歸于消滅的效力,但從何時(shí)消滅,涉及到法定解除權(quán)的溯及力問(wèn)題。要分析保險(xiǎn)法領(lǐng)域中解除權(quán)的溯及力問(wèn)題,就不能脫離合同解除權(quán)的溯及力理論。按照合同法的規(guī)則,保險(xiǎn)合同作為繼續(xù)性合同,其解除不具有溯及力。但由于保險(xiǎn)合同不同于普通民商事合同,所以結(jié)合類型化研究方法,探討保險(xiǎn)合同法定解除權(quán)何種情形下具有溯及力,從而對(duì)當(dāng)事人雙方的權(quán)利義務(wù)作出合理的分配。 最后,基于上述分析討論,對(duì)完善我國(guó)保險(xiǎn)合同法定解除制度提出若干建議,旨在限制保險(xiǎn)人濫用合同解除權(quán),維護(hù)當(dāng)事人雙方應(yīng)有的合法權(quán)益,使法律規(guī)范在實(shí)踐中能更好地發(fā)揮作用,進(jìn)而促進(jìn)我國(guó)保險(xiǎn)市場(chǎng)的健康、和諧發(fā)展。
[Abstract]:Human society is faced with all kinds of dangers from nature or society at any time. In order to resist risks, insurance collects the strength of most people, forms insurance liability, and compensates them in case of personal insurance accidents, so as to disperse dangers, digest losses and promote social stability. The insurer, by virtue of his dominant position, holds professional insurance information and formulates standard clauses, and often abuses his statutory right of rescission to defend the insured's claim for payment of insurance money after the occurrence of an insurance accident. In order to regulate the behavior of the insurer in exercising the right to rescind the contract, balance the rights and interests of both parties to the contract, and safeguard the healthy development of the insurance market, this paper makes a thorough and systematic study on the legal right to rescind the insurance contract in order to regulate the behavior of the insurer in exercising the right to rescind the contract. This paper is divided into three parts: introduction, text and conclusion. The text consists of the following four parts:
The first part introduces the basic theory of the statutory right of rescission of insurance contracts. First, it defines the scope of the concept of the statutory right of rescission of insurance contracts. Then it analyzes the nature and legislative distribution of the statutory right of rescission, and points out that the distribution of the statutory right of rescission should abide by the legislation of "inclining to the insured". Principle of law. Insurance contract is a kind of contract, which is the product of the will of both parties. Both parties to the contract established according to law should strictly perform it according to law and can not be terminated at will. However, in the process of fulfilling the insurance contract, significant changes in the dangerous situation will occur due to the negligence of the insured party or changes in the objective situation, if required. If the insurer continues to perform the contract, the balance of consideration will be lost. Moreover, it is difficult to continue the contract because of the fault of the insured. It is the requirement of the principle of utmost good faith to require the insured to bear adverse legal consequences. Therefore, the principle of utmost good faith and the principle of balance of consideration are the theoretical basis for the legal right of rescission and play a role in the specific rules of the right of rescission. Value orientation.
The second part analyzes the reasons for the application of the statutory right of rescission of insurance contracts.The conditions for the exercise of the statutory right of rescission prescribed by law are diversified.Therefore, this chapter discusses in detail the causes of each applicable cause and the specific conditions for its exercise so as to ensure the legitimacy of the rescission of the insurance contract and prevent the insurer from assuming his duties under the conditions not in conformity with the statutory provisions. The application of the statutory right of rescission can be divided into three categories: failure to perform the duty of telling the truth, which covers the obligation of telling the truth at the time of signing the contract and after signing the contract; malicious fraud; breach of the obligation of security protection; breach of the obligation of notifying the increase of danger; failure to reach a resumption agreement within two years after the termination of the validity of the contract.
The third part discusses the exercise of the statutory right of rescission of insurance contracts.In the exercise of the right of rescission, the relative party should increase the insured and the beneficiary. Although the right of rescission is established for the benefit of the insurer, its rights should be strictly restricted to balance the status between the insured and the insured. Otherwise, under certain circumstances, the right of rescission of the insurer will be extinguished. If the period of exclusion is certain, the right of rescission of the insurer will be abandoned. The right or the insurer advocates the estoppel.
The fourth part deconstructs the legal effect of the right of rescission of an insurance contract.The exercise of the right of rescission by the insurer will result in the effect attributable to the extinction of the insurance contract. According to the rules of contract law, insurance contract, as a continuing contract, has no retrospective effect on its termination. However, because insurance contract is different from ordinary civil and commercial contract, this paper discusses the retrospective effect of the statutory right of termination of insurance contract by combining with typological research methods, so as to make a reasonable distinction between the rights and obligations of both parties. Match.
Finally, based on the above analysis and discussion, some suggestions are put forward to improve the legal termination system of insurance contracts in China, aiming at restricting the insurer's abuse of the right to terminate the contract, safeguarding the legitimate rights and interests of both parties, so that the legal norms can play a better role in practice, and thus promote the healthy and harmonious development of China's insurance market.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國(guó)政法大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2011
【分類號(hào)】：D922.284

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