【摘要】：隨著全球化經(jīng)濟(jì)的迅速發(fā)展，國(guó)與國(guó)之間的經(jīng)濟(jì)交往日益密切。中國(guó)從改革開(kāi)放到加入世貿(mào)組織以來(lái)，逐漸跟隨世界經(jīng)濟(jì)的潮流并漸漸的與世界接軌，經(jīng)濟(jì)指標(biāo)逐年上升，國(guó)內(nèi)、國(guó)外兩個(gè)市場(chǎng)均呈現(xiàn)出一片欣欣向榮的繁榮景象。在這樣的時(shí)代背景之下，貨物買(mǎi)賣(mài)合同風(fēng)險(xiǎn)負(fù)擔(dān)問(wèn)題作為合同法的重要內(nèi)容之一，不僅成為雙方當(dāng)事人關(guān)注的焦點(diǎn)，同時(shí)也成為世界各國(guó)買(mǎi)賣(mài)法研究的重點(diǎn)。雖然標(biāo)的物的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)負(fù)擔(dān)以交付主義為一般原則，但現(xiàn)實(shí)生活復(fù)雜多變，不深入探究交付主義的內(nèi)涵就無(wú)法很好的解決實(shí)踐中面臨的各種新問(wèn)題新挑戰(zhàn)。尤其是涉及運(yùn)輸?shù)馁I(mǎi)賣(mài)合同的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)負(fù)擔(dān)問(wèn)題，已有的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)負(fù)擔(dān)規(guī)則在一些特殊情形之下遇到一定的應(yīng)用障礙，此類(lèi)合同的特殊性決定了在分配這種情況下的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)時(shí)必須綜合考慮幾類(lèi)因素。 本文從現(xiàn)實(shí)生活中可能遇到的難點(diǎn)入手，提出幾種在現(xiàn)有風(fēng)險(xiǎn)負(fù)擔(dān)規(guī)則不能完美解決的特殊情境，以明晰運(yùn)輸方式下買(mǎi)賣(mài)合同的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)負(fù)擔(dān)研究有寫(xiě)作的必要，隨后仔細(xì)闡述運(yùn)輸方式下買(mǎi)賣(mài)合同的特殊性究竟是什么，并且明確了這種特殊性之后在風(fēng)險(xiǎn)分配上都應(yīng)當(dāng)更加注重考慮哪幾類(lèi)因素。本文正文共分為五個(gè)部分先后進(jìn)行闡述論證。 第一部分為問(wèn)題的提出，首先提出現(xiàn)實(shí)生活中可能出現(xiàn)的三個(gè)大方向的問(wèn)題，第一是交付地點(diǎn)變更的問(wèn)題，出賣(mài)人甲和買(mǎi)受人乙簽訂了涉及運(yùn)輸?shù)呢浳镔I(mǎi)賣(mài)合同，并且在合同中明確約定了交付地點(diǎn)，然而，隨后買(mǎi)受人乙通知出賣(mài)人甲將貨物運(yùn)送至合同約定的履行地點(diǎn)以外的其他地點(diǎn)，此時(shí)這批貨物的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)應(yīng)從何時(shí)開(kāi)始轉(zhuǎn)移。第二是出賣(mài)人與第一承運(yùn)人交付銜接問(wèn)題，，何時(shí)才能算作交付的完成。第三是在途貨物買(mǎi)賣(mài)問(wèn)題，合同成立時(shí)間如何確定以及在有保險(xiǎn)單的情況下如何判定風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的問(wèn)題。 第二部分為對(duì)運(yùn)輸方式下買(mǎi)賣(mài)合同中風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的因素復(fù)雜性討論，其涉及的主體比一般買(mǎi)賣(mài)合同要多，并且往往都要涉及到標(biāo)的物的特定化問(wèn)題，其運(yùn)輸方式也有多種多樣，在漫長(zhǎng)的運(yùn)輸途中也可能遭遇到更多種類(lèi)的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。 第三部分為對(duì)運(yùn)輸方式下買(mǎi)賣(mài)合同中風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的環(huán)節(jié)復(fù)雜性討論，在交易主體多方的情況下交易環(huán)節(jié)勢(shì)必變得更加復(fù)雜，涉及提單等問(wèn)題。 第四部分為結(jié)論，總結(jié)前文三個(gè)部分對(duì)于運(yùn)輸方式下買(mǎi)賣(mài)合同中存在的各種特殊性，以及存在的問(wèn)題，提出結(jié)論。對(duì)于風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的規(guī)定不能用法條進(jìn)行完全的規(guī)定，而是必須在實(shí)際案例中根據(jù)相關(guān)的幾個(gè)因素綜合判斷。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of global economy, economic exchanges between countries are becoming closer and closer. Since China's reform and opening up to the World Trade Organization (WTO), China has gradually followed the trend of the world economy and gradually connected with the world. The economic indicators have been rising year by year, and both domestic and foreign markets have shown a prosperous scene. Under this background, as one of the important contents of contract law, the issue of the risk burden of the contract of sale of goods is not only the focus of the parties concerned, but also the focal point of the study of the law of sale of goods all over the world. Although the risk burden of the subject matter is based on the general principle of delivering doctrine, the real life is complex and changeable, so it is impossible to solve all kinds of new problems and new challenges in practice without further exploring the connotation of delivery doctrine. In particular, with regard to the risk burden of the contract of sale and purchase involving transport, the existing risk burden rules have encountered certain obstacles to their application in some special circumstances. The particularity of such contracts determines that a number of factors must be taken into account in the allocation of risks in such cases. Starting from the difficulties that may be encountered in real life, this paper puts forward several special situations in which the existing rules of risk burden can not be solved perfectly. It is necessary to write about the research on the risk burden of sale and purchase contract under the clear mode of transportation. Then it explains carefully what the particularity of the contract of sale and purchase under the mode of transportation is, and clarifies what kinds of factors should be paid more attention to in the risk distribution after this particularity. The text of this paper is divided into five parts. The first part is the question, first of all, the problem of three major directions that may appear in real life. The first is the change of the place of delivery. Seller A and buyer B have signed a contract for the sale of goods involving transportation. And the place of delivery is expressly specified in the contract, however, buyer B then informs seller A to ship the goods to a place other than the place of performance specified in the contract, at which time the risk of the goods should begin to be transferred. The second is the connection between the seller and the first carrier, when the delivery can be counted as the completion of delivery. The third is the sale of goods in transit, how to determine the time of formation of the contract and how to determine the risk in the case of insurance policy. The second part discusses the complexity of the risk factors in the contract of sale and purchase under the mode of transport, which involves more subjects than the general contract of sale, and often involves the question of the specificity of the subject-matter, and its modes of transportation are also various. There may also be more types of risk in the long transit. The third part is to discuss the complexity of the risk in the contract of sale and purchase under the mode of transportation, which is bound to become more complicated in the case of multi-party trading, involving the bill of lading and other issues. The fourth part is the conclusion, summarizes the above three parts to the transportation mode under the sale contract existence each kind of particularity, as well as the existence question, puts forward the conclusion. The regulation of risk should not be completely regulated by law, but must be judged synthetically according to several relevant factors in actual cases.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西南政法大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：D923.6

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