本文選題：利他合同 + 第三人　； 參考：《西南政法大學(xué)》2012年碩士論文

【摘要】：合同是合同雙方當(dāng)事人之間的特殊約定，從其出現(xiàn)之日起便堅(jiān)守著相對性這一原則。但是，隨著社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)的不斷發(fā)展，合同關(guān)系也變得越來越復(fù)雜，不僅涉及合同雙方，與合同相關(guān)的第三人也參與到合同關(guān)系中，利他合同開始出現(xiàn)并在社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)生活中被反復(fù)應(yīng)用。那么作為合同雙方以外的第三人是否能夠在債務(wù)人不履行合同約定的義務(wù)或履行不適當(dāng)時(shí)獲得履約請求權(quán)來保障自己的利益免遭損失呢？對這一問題不論是大陸法系還是英美法系都已經(jīng)明確規(guī)定第三人的履約請求權(quán)。相比之下，我國的《合同法》對這一問題卻并沒有做出明確的規(guī)定。由于具體法律的缺失，在司法實(shí)踐中處理類似案件時(shí),便出現(xiàn)了因?qū)Ψ梢?guī)定理解不同而導(dǎo)致的各種不同判決，確有必要進(jìn)行進(jìn)一步的研究和明確。 本文從實(shí)踐中的真實(shí)案例出發(fā)，以第三人的履約請求權(quán)為中心，通過比較研究法、法解釋學(xué)等研究方法，對利他合同及第三人履約請求權(quán)的相關(guān)理論知識(shí)進(jìn)行了界定和梳理。進(jìn)而在此基礎(chǔ)上對案例處理進(jìn)行了分析，最后針對案件分析時(shí)所暴露的法律漏洞提出自己的見解。 本文共分為四個(gè)部分： 第一部分，提出問題。首先，介紹文章所要分析的案件的基本情況和法院的判決，其次，指出本案的爭議焦點(diǎn)。 第二部分，針對各方爭議的焦點(diǎn)，，對與之相關(guān)的利他合同、利他合同所涉法律關(guān)系、第三人履約請求權(quán)的取得進(jìn)行了理論上的界定和梳理。 第三部分，分析問題。對前文的案例從法律的角度分析。首先對案例中提到的合同性質(zhì)進(jìn)行認(rèn)定。然后基于第三人履約請求權(quán)取得的法理分析，重點(diǎn)從法律規(guī)定和合同目的的角度對該案合同中的第三人是否應(yīng)獲得履約請求權(quán)進(jìn)行理論分析。最后，在前面分析的基礎(chǔ)上進(jìn)一步總結(jié)對本案的認(rèn)識(shí)。。 第四部分，解決問題。針對案件所涉及的利他合同第三人履約請求權(quán)問題的法律不完備，從改進(jìn)合同法具體規(guī)定的角度提出自己的完善建議。 第五部分，結(jié)語。對全文進(jìn)行總結(jié)。
[Abstract]:Contract is a special agreement between the parties to the contract, from the date of its appearance, it adheres to the principle of relativity. However, with the continuous development of social economy, the contractual relationship has become more and more complex, involving not only the parties to the contract, but also the third party involved in the contract. Altruistic contracts began to appear and were repeatedly used in social and economic life. Then, as a third party other than the parties to the contract, can the debtor obtain the right of claim for performance when the debtor fails to perform the obligations stipulated in the contract or when the performance is inappropriate to protect his own interests from loss? The civil law system and the common law system have clearly stipulated the third party's right of performance claim. In contrast, China's contract Law does not make a clear provision on this issue. Due to the lack of specific laws, when dealing with similar cases in judicial practice, there are different judgments resulting from different understandings of legal provisions. It is really necessary to further study and clarify. This paper starts from the real cases in practice, focuses on the third party's claim for performance, through comparative research, legal hermeneutics and other research methods, It defines and combs the relevant theoretical knowledge of altruistic contract and third party's right of performance claim. On this basis, the case processing is analyzed, and finally, the author puts forward his own opinion on the legal loopholes exposed in the case analysis. This paper is divided into four parts: the first part, the problem. First of all, it introduces the basic situation of the case to be analyzed and the judgment of the court. Secondly, it points out the focus of the dispute in this case. The second part, in view of the focus of the dispute between the parties, is concerned with the altruistic contract and the legal relationship involved in the altruistic contract. The third part analyzes the problem. The case above is analyzed from the angle of law. First of all, the nature of the contract mentioned in the case is identified. Then, based on the legal analysis of the acquisition of the third party's right of performance claim, this paper focuses on the theoretical analysis of whether the third party in the contract should obtain the right of performance claim from the angle of the legal provisions and the purpose of the contract. Finally, on the basis of the previous analysis, further summarize the understanding of the case. In view of the incomplete law on the third party's right of performance in altruistic contract, the author puts forward his own suggestions from the point of view of improving the specific provisions of contract law. Part five, conclusion. Summarize the full text.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西南政法大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號(hào)】：D923.6

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本文編號(hào)：1997155