本文選題：實際履行 + 價值取向　； 參考：《安徽大學》2005年碩士論文

【摘要】：實際履行,指在違約方不履行合同時,合同對方請求或者合同對方要求法院判定其履行合同義務的違約責任方式。大陸法系和英美法系曾對實際履行采取了不同的態(tài)度和做法。簡單而言,在違約的責任體系中,大陸法以實際履行為原則,以損害賠償為例外;英美法以損害賠償為原則,以實際履行為例外。但在現(xiàn)代,兩大法系體現(xiàn)出相互融合的趨勢。在我國合同法中,實際履行的地位也存在一個轉變的過程。在計劃經濟時期,實際履行原則扮演著重要的角色。這與我國當時的經濟體制有關。1999年《合同法》規(guī)定違約責任方式時,首先規(guī)定了繼續(xù)履行方式,但實際履行卻并沒有像立法者所預想的那樣起到首要的補救方式的作用,判決承擔強制實際履行責任的案件在司法實踐中占的比例是很少的。實際履行責任方式的積極作用未盡發(fā)揮,這無疑是讓人遺憾的,應該引起反思。 要深入了解實際履行的概念,就必須分析實際履行責任方式與實質履行原則、合同法上的實際履行與勞動法上的實際履行、普通合同場合的實際履行與企業(yè)破產時合同的實際履行之間的關系。要把握實際履行制度的深層意義,必須明確實際履行所體現(xiàn)的立法價值取向,明確其與私法自治、契約倫理、效率違約、法官自由裁量權之間的關系。實際履行適用條件的框定與障礙的確認,更是實際履行制度的主要內容。文章論述了實際履行適用的各種違約形態(tài)與實際履行適用的形式要件,對我國合同法上實際履行制度提出了設計思路。我國建立實際履行制度新體系,應當以私法自治、契約倫理、社會公平正義為主旨,不主張效率違約,并有限制地控制法官行使自由裁量權;實際履行制度的建立與完善首先有賴于民法、合同法等法律中其它相關制度與理論的建立及支持,應不斷完善實際履行制度的理論基礎,如合同責任、請求權理論與法院強制執(zhí)行。完善我國的實際履行制度,應首先將實際履行確定為一種普遍的、有其獨特優(yōu)點的救濟方法,而并非僅僅是一項象征性、通常得不到滿足的要求;在對各種違約形態(tài)逐條加以表述時,對其“處理”的部分應包括其是否可適用實際履行方式的內容;應對阻卻實際履行的情形予以規(guī)定,不應僅僅在法條中表述為“法律或事實上不能履行的情況”,而應當略加細化,將不能實際履行的情況統(tǒng)一規(guī)定下來;最后,對請求權人的身份限制與“合理期限”作出規(guī)定。 文章對實際履行與私法自治、契約倫理、效率違約、法官自由裁量權之間的
[Abstract]:Actual performance refers to the manner in which the party requests or contracts the other party to decide on the liability for breach of contract when the party does not perform the contract. The civil law and the Anglo American legal system have taken different attitudes and practices to the actual performance. In brief, the continental law is the actual performance principle in the liability system of breach of contract. The compensation for damage is an exception; the Anglo American law is based on the principle of compensation for damage, with the exception of actual performance. But in modern times, the two legal systems show a trend of mutual integration. In the contract law of China, the status of actual performance also has a process of transformation. In the period of planned economy, the practical implementation principle plays an important role. The economic system is related to the contract law of.1999, which stipulates the way to carry out the breach of contract first, but the actual performance does not play the role of the primary remedy as the legislator preconceived, and the ratio of the case in the practice of compulsory actual performance is very few. The positive role of the term of office has not been brought into full play. This is undoubtedly regrettable and should cause reflection.
In order to understand the concept of actual performance in depth, it is necessary to analyze the actual performance of responsibility and the principle of fulfilling, the actual performance of the contract law and the actual performance of the labor law, the actual performance of the common contract situation and the actual performance of the contract when the enterprise is bankrupt. The practical implementation of the legislative value orientation, clear its relationship with private law autonomy, contract ethics, efficiency breach of contract, the discretion of judges. The actual implementation conditions of the frame and obstacles to confirm the actual implementation of the system is the main content. The article discusses the actual implementation of the application of various forms of breach of contract and practical application of the application. In order to establish a new system of actual performance system in China, we should take private law autonomy, contract ethics and social justice as the main purpose, do not advocate the efficiency of breach of contract, and control the discretion of judges in a limited way; the establishment and improvement of the actual performance system depends first. On the basis of the establishment and support of other relevant systems and theories in civil law, contract law and other laws, we should constantly improve the theoretical basis of the actual performance system, such as contract responsibility, the theory of claim and the enforcement of the court. To improve the actual performance system of our country, the actual performance should be first defined as a universal and unique remedy method, It is not merely a symbol, usually without the requirement of satisfaction; when the various forms of breach of contract are expressed, the part of the "treatment" should include the content that it can apply to the practical way of fulfillment; it should be stipulated in the case that the actual performance should be obstructed, and it should not only be expressed as "law or in fact not in fact" in the law. The situation of the bank should be slightly refined, and the situation that can not be actually performed is unified. In the end, the limit of the person's identity and the "reasonable term" should be stipulated.
The article is about the relationship between actual performance and private law autonomy, contract ethics, efficiency breach, and judge's discretion.

【學位授予單位】：安徽大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2005
【分類號】：D923.6

【引證文獻】

相關碩士學位論文 前5條

1 王同超;論實際履行[D];西南政法大學;2007年

2 馮曉偉;《聯(lián)合國國際貨物銷售合同公約》中的實際履行制度研究[D];廣西師范大學;2010年

3 楊冰;論勞動合同的變更[D];西南政法大學;2010年

4 姚雪然;實際履行制度研究[D];河北大學;2010年

5 王甜;論效率違約理論適用的限制[D];河北大學;2013年

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本文編號：1834666