論同時(shí)履行抗辯權(quán)的擴(kuò)張適用
本文選題:同時(shí)履行抗辯權(quán) + 擴(kuò)張適用; 參考:《中國政法大學(xué)》2012年碩士論文
【摘要】:同時(shí)履行抗辯權(quán)是指雙務(wù)合同的一方當(dāng)事人,在對方當(dāng)事人未為對待給付前,得拒絕履行自己債務(wù)的權(quán)利。同時(shí)履行抗辯權(quán)是現(xiàn)代合同法上一項(xiàng)重要制度,它的確立完善了我國雙務(wù)合同履行抗辯權(quán)體系,具有鼓勵(lì)雙方履行合同義務(wù)和促進(jìn)債權(quán)實(shí)現(xiàn)的作用。世界大多數(shù)國家都確立了此項(xiàng)制度,我國亦不例外。但是由于我國《合同法》上同時(shí)履行抗辯權(quán)適用范圍較為狹窄,導(dǎo)致實(shí)踐中在很多國家和地區(qū)的相關(guān)法律中可以類推適用或準(zhǔn)用同時(shí)履行抗辯權(quán)的情形在我國于法無據(jù)。隨著該制度的發(fā)展,同時(shí)履行抗辯權(quán)逐漸顯現(xiàn)出其適用范圍上的擴(kuò)張需求和擴(kuò)張空間。本文基于現(xiàn)實(shí)需求,以誠實(shí)信用原則和債的牽連性為理論基礎(chǔ),分析同時(shí)履行抗辯權(quán)擴(kuò)張適用的必要性和合理性,并參照比較法上擴(kuò)張的立法例,研究同時(shí)履行抗辯權(quán)在我國相關(guān)法律上的適用空間,探索該制度擴(kuò)張適用的范圍和限制,為將來的司法實(shí)踐提供理論依據(jù)。 本文運(yùn)用比較分析法、體系分析法等論述方法闡釋同時(shí)履行抗辯權(quán)的擴(kuò)張適用,全文除前言和結(jié)論部分外共分五部分,結(jié)構(gòu)如下: 第一部分,簡要說明我國法律中有關(guān)同時(shí)履行抗辯權(quán)適用范圍規(guī)定的不足和擴(kuò)張適用的必要性。 第二部分,主要論述同時(shí)履行抗辯權(quán)擴(kuò)張適用的理論基礎(chǔ)、現(xiàn)實(shí)基礎(chǔ)和比較法上的擴(kuò)張趨勢。誠實(shí)信用原則、債的牽連性、合同自由和合同目的是同時(shí)履行抗辯權(quán)擴(kuò)張適用的理論基礎(chǔ);契約多樣性和合同發(fā)展的要求,節(jié)約成本、訴訟經(jīng)濟(jì)的要求是其擴(kuò)張的現(xiàn)實(shí)基礎(chǔ);比較法上的擴(kuò)張趨勢對同時(shí)履行抗辯權(quán)完善與發(fā)展有重要參考價(jià)值。 第三部分,主要對當(dāng)代大陸法系主要國家和地區(qū)以及英美法系的類似制度中關(guān)于同時(shí)履行抗辯權(quán)擴(kuò)張的立法和研究進(jìn)行了考察、比較和分析,并對這些立法和司法實(shí)踐進(jìn)行了簡要評價(jià)。主要列舉了德國、法國、日本、荷蘭、我國臺(tái)灣地區(qū)等大陸法系國家和地區(qū)立法例關(guān)于同時(shí)履行抗辯權(quán)的相關(guān)規(guī)定的發(fā)展趨勢以及英美法上的類似制度,在此基礎(chǔ)上本文對上述相關(guān)制度的異同進(jìn)行了比較分析。 第四部分,在前文理論基礎(chǔ)的論證和比較法考察的基礎(chǔ)上,對同時(shí)履行抗辯權(quán)擴(kuò)張適用情形進(jìn)行類型化分析,主要將其歸納為三類:一是雙務(wù)合同的替代性債權(quán)擴(kuò)張適用情形;二是雙務(wù)合同的擴(kuò)張情形;三是具有牽連性和對立性的同一經(jīng)濟(jì)生活關(guān)系的適用情形,找到其適用范圍的張力,并逐一分析其擴(kuò)張適用的可行性。 第五部分,文章分析同時(shí)履行抗辯權(quán)擴(kuò)張的界限。擴(kuò)張違背誠實(shí)信用原則的,一方依行為表明沒有繼續(xù)履行合同的誠意的,不得隨意適用。同時(shí)明確同時(shí)履行抗辯權(quán)與抵消權(quán)、留置權(quán)的界限。只有劃清與相鄰制度的界限,,才能防止矯枉過正。 最后結(jié)論中本文提出建議對《合同法》第66條做擴(kuò)張解釋。
[Abstract]:At the same time , the performance of the right of defense refers to the right of one party of the dual - service contract to refuse to perform its own debts before the other party fails to pay the benefits . At the same time , it is an important system in the modern contract law .
This paper uses comparative analysis method , system analysis method and so on to interpret the expansion application of the right of defense , except for the preface and conclusion part , it is divided into five parts . The structure is as follows :
In the first part , the article briefly describes the necessity of the inadequacy and expansion of the application of the right of defense in our country ' s law .
The second part mainly discusses the theoretical foundation , the realistic foundation and the comparative law ' s expansion trend of the concurrent performance of the application of defense right expansion . The principle of honesty , the continuity of debt , the freedom of contract and the purpose of the contract are the theoretical basis for the extension of the right of defense at the same time ;
The requirement of contract diversity and contract development , the cost saving and the requirement of litigation economy are the realistic foundation of its expansion ;
The trend of expansion on comparative law is of great reference value to the perfection and development of defense right at the same time .
In the third part , we study , compare and analyze the legislation and the study on the extension of the right of defense at the same time in the similar system of the major countries and regions of the contemporary continental law system and the Anglo - American law system , and give a brief evaluation of these legislation and judicial practice . The article mainly lists the development trend of the relevant regulations of the civil law system countries and regions of Germany , France , Japan , the Netherlands , Taiwan and so on , as well as the similar system in Anglo - American law . On the basis of this , the similarities and differences of the above - mentioned systems are compared .
The fourth part , on the basis of the previous theoretical foundation and comparative law , carries on the typed analysis on the application situation of the concurrent performance of the defense right expansion , mainly summarizes them into three categories : one is the application of alternative creditor ' s rights extension of the dual - service contract ;
secondly , the expansion of the dual - service contract ;
Third , it is the application of the same economic life relationship with continuity and opposites , finds out the tension of its application range , and analyzes the feasibility of its expansion by one by one .
In the fifth part , the article analyzes the limits of the expansion of the defense right at the same time . When the expansion violates the principle of honesty and credibility , one party does not insist on the sincerity of the contract without continuing to perform the contract . At the same time , it is clear that the boundary between the right to defense and the right to set - off and the right of lien can be fulfilled at the same time .
In the final conclusion , the article puts forward some suggestions to expand the interpretation of Article 66 of the Contract Law .
【學(xué)位授予單位】:中國政法大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】:碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】:2012
【分類號】:D923.6
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