本文選題：效率違約　切入點(diǎn)：違約救濟(jì)　出處：《河北大學(xué)》2013年碩士論文

【摘要】：效率違約理論是經(jīng)濟(jì)分析法學(xué)的重要組成部分，將效率違約理論引入合同法已成為一種潮流并有如暴風(fēng)之勢(shì)席卷了英美法系國(guó)家。效率違約是指合同一方當(dāng)事人的違約收益超過各方履行合同的全部預(yù)期收益或是違約可以避免更大的損失時(shí)，違約方可以選擇對(duì)守約方的預(yù)期利益損失進(jìn)行損害賠償，從而代替實(shí)際履行合同義務(wù)。效率違約理論可以劃分為轉(zhuǎn)售型效率違約、減損型效率違約及緩和型效率違約。這一理論將經(jīng)濟(jì)分析的方法引入到合同法中去，一方面對(duì)合同行為進(jìn)行“成本--收益”分析，用其實(shí)證主義分析方法彌補(bǔ)了單純法律分析的不足，另一方面其追求“效率”，，并以“社會(huì)價(jià)值最大化”為價(jià)值取向，有利于節(jié)約有限的社會(huì)資源。同時(shí)效率違約理論還為解決一般公平正義與個(gè)別公平正義提供了一個(gè)新思路。 但是與贊揚(yáng)相對(duì)，其批評(píng)之聲也綿延不斷。我國(guó)近來對(duì)這一理論的研究也步上了軌道，批判者們認(rèn)為無論是從其理論基礎(chǔ)的完備性上，還是從司法實(shí)踐的可適用性上分析，均不能將效率違約理論引入我國(guó)，尤其我國(guó)屬受大陸法系影響深遠(yuǎn)的成文法國(guó)家，效率違約理論與我國(guó)實(shí)際履行制度、誠(chéng)實(shí)信用原則等現(xiàn)行法律制度、原則及體系明顯不相容，這就注定效率違約理論的適用與我國(guó)無緣。本文從效率違約的構(gòu)成要素、理論基礎(chǔ)、價(jià)值追求等方面進(jìn)行分析入手，進(jìn)而對(duì)效率違約理論在我國(guó)的適用進(jìn)行可行性分析，論證效率違約理論雖然存在著局限性但并非悖論，在我國(guó)是可以適用的。 當(dāng)然，要將其引入我國(guó)并非意味著對(duì)其要全盤接受，應(yīng)當(dāng)結(jié)合我國(guó)實(shí)際，對(duì)其“效率”理念、經(jīng)濟(jì)分析方法揚(yáng)棄的繼受。同時(shí)，由于這一理論生長(zhǎng)發(fā)育于英美法系，理論根植的土壤與我國(guó)法律體系和制度差異甚大，這一理論在我國(guó)的司法適用應(yīng)當(dāng)采取由點(diǎn)及面的模式，循序漸進(jìn)，最終由特別適用達(dá)到普遍認(rèn)同。在司法實(shí)踐中對(duì)效率違約的適用從范圍、方式及條件上進(jìn)行嚴(yán)格的限制，以期達(dá)到公正與效率天平的平衡，并借此希冀對(duì)我國(guó)違約救濟(jì)制度及違約責(zé)任體系的完善有所助益。 本文共有四部分內(nèi)容，其中第一章效率違約理論及其價(jià)值從效率違約理論的興起過程、含義、效率違約類型及理論價(jià)值上對(duì)這一理論進(jìn)行了概括的介紹。 第二章則是對(duì)效率違約理論的局限性進(jìn)行辨析，效率違約理論確實(shí)存在不完善的地方，但并非如某些學(xué)者而言是悖論。從效率違約的理論基礎(chǔ)、價(jià)值追求、效率目標(biāo)入手，通過辨析其局限性以說明這一理論雖有不足但還是可以取其精華而為我們所用的。 第三章則將焦點(diǎn)放在效率違約理論在我國(guó)的適用上，從合同法的基本理念和發(fā)展方向、與我國(guó)其他制度的兼容性以及我國(guó)合同法目前實(shí)際履行除外制度尚有不完善的角度對(duì)這一理論于我國(guó)的適用進(jìn)行了可行性分析。 第四章也即全文的最后部分，針對(duì)效率違約理論的局限性及結(jié)合我國(guó)現(xiàn)行法律制度的規(guī)定，提出效率違約理論雖能適用，但是其在我國(guó)的適用需要有嚴(yán)格的限制條件，并對(duì)這些條件進(jìn)行了論述。
[Abstract]:The theory of efficient breach of law is an important part of the economic analysis, the theory of efficient breach of contract into the contract law has become a trend and is like a storm swept the countries of Anglo American law system. The efficient breach is a party to the contract breach of income more than all the expected return parties to fulfill the contract or default can be avoided more the loss, the defaulting party to the other party can choose the expected benefits of loss compensation, so as to fulfill the contract obligations. Instead of the actual efficiency breach theory can be divided into default resale efficiency, derogate type efficient breach and ease efficiency default. This theory the method of economic analysis into the contract law to conduct "analysis the cost and income" of the contract behavior on the one hand, with the fact that the doctrine of analysis can make up for the deficiency of legal analysis, on the other hand, the pursuit of "efficiency", and to" The maximization of social value is the value orientation, which is conducive to saving limited social resources. Meanwhile, the theory of efficiency breach also provides a new idea for solving the general equity and justice and individual equity and justice.
But relatively speaking, the criticism also continuously. Our recent research on this theory is also step on the track, the critics think that whether from the completeness of its theoretical basis, or from the judicial practice of the applicability of analysis could not be the efficient breach theory was introduced into China, especially I China is a civil law country far-reaching continental law system, the actual performance of efficient breach theory and China's current legal system, the principle of honesty and credit, principle and system was incompatible, which doomed no efficient breach in the application of the theory and our country. This paper elements from the efficient breach theory, value pursuit other aspects of analysis, and the theory of efficient breach of contract to conduct a feasibility analysis of its application in China, demonstrates the theory of efficient breach although there are limitations but not the paradox in China can apply.
Of course, to be introduced to our country does not mean to take on it, should be combined with China's reality, the "efficiency" concept, the method of economic analysis of discarding the following. At the same time, due to the growth and development of the theory in Anglo American law system, difference theory and rooted in the soil of our legal system and the system is in this theory should be taken step by step by point and the mode in our country's judicial, especially to ultimately by the general acceptance. Default on the efficiency of the application in judicial practice from the scope, methods and conditions of strict restrictions, in order to achieve the balance of the balance of justice and efficiency, and to hope help to improve China's Remedies for breach of contract and breach of contract responsibility system.
There are four parts in this paper. The first chapter is the theory of efficiency breach, and its value is introduced from the rising process, meaning, efficiency breach type and theoretical value of efficiency breach theory.
The second chapter is the analysis of the limitations of the theory of efficient breach, the efficiency of contract theory is imperfect, but not as some scholars paradox. The pursuit of value from the theory of efficient breach, efficiency goals to start, through the analysis of the limitations of this theory to indicate that although insufficient but still can take the essence for our use.
The third chapter will focus on the efficient breach theory in our country, from the basic concept and direction of development of the contract law, and other system of our country and the compatibility of the contract law of our country at present the actual performance of the exception system is not perfect the perspective of this theory in China carried out a feasibility analysis.
The fourth chapter is the last part of the full text. According to the limitation of the theory of efficiency breach and the provisions of our current legal system, it is put forward that the theory of efficiency breach can be applied, but its application in China needs strict restrictions, and these conditions are also discussed.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：河北大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號(hào)】：D923.6

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