發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-02-05 02:35

  本文關(guān)鍵詞： 生物技術(shù) 專利權(quán)濫用 法律規(guī)制　出處：《鄭州大學(xué)》2013年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：21世紀(jì)生物技術(shù)發(fā)展更加迅速,生態(tài)、人口、環(huán)境以及疑難病癥等難題離不開對(duì)生物技術(shù)的研發(fā)和利用,越來越多的國(guó)家加大了對(duì)生物技術(shù)研發(fā)的扶持,偏重對(duì)生物技術(shù)發(fā)明的專利保護(hù),而忽視了對(duì)專利權(quán)濫用的規(guī)制。生物技術(shù)專利權(quán)人濫用自己在技術(shù)、信息等方面的獨(dú)占優(yōu)勢(shì),打壓他人的競(jìng)爭(zhēng),破壞市場(chǎng)良好的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)秩序,最終阻礙一國(guó)的技術(shù)進(jìn)步和經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)。因此,進(jìn)一步研究專利權(quán)濫用的法律規(guī)制問題,對(duì)預(yù)防專利權(quán)濫用的損害有重要的現(xiàn)實(shí)意義。 生物技術(shù)專利是指針對(duì)某項(xiàng)具體的生物技術(shù)發(fā)明成果由特定專利機(jī)構(gòu)授予其發(fā)明者的、在一定期限內(nèi)對(duì)其發(fā)明成果所依法享有的獨(dú)占實(shí)施權(quán)。生物技術(shù)領(lǐng)域的特殊性決定了生物技術(shù)專利的特點(diǎn)：一是專利性基準(zhǔn)因技術(shù)主題的不同,差異很大；二是權(quán)利要求過于寬泛；三是大量生物技術(shù)專利主要用于科學(xué)研究,而非商業(yè)活動(dòng)。出于對(duì)倫理道德問題的擔(dān)憂,專家學(xué)者對(duì)涉及人類基因、克隆等敏感問題的生物技術(shù)能否授予專利權(quán)尚存在爭(zhēng)議。盡管生物技術(shù)專利權(quán)對(duì)-國(guó)的經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展有重要的意義,但世界范圍內(nèi)對(duì)生物技術(shù)專利權(quán)的保護(hù)仍很不平衡。美國(guó)保護(hù)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)相對(duì)開放,歐盟保護(hù)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)相對(duì)嚴(yán)謹(jǐn),發(fā)展中國(guó)家由于資金、技術(shù)等原因保護(hù)還相當(dāng)薄弱,常常成為生物技術(shù)專利權(quán)爭(zhēng)奪戰(zhàn)中的受害者。生物技術(shù)發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家利用自身專利優(yōu)勢(shì)在醫(yī)藥、農(nóng)業(yè)等領(lǐng)域?yàn)E用專利權(quán),容易帶來損害倫理道德、壟斷基因資源源頭、阻礙后續(xù)創(chuàng)新等特殊風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。 倫理道德理論、經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)理論、權(quán)限理論、利益平衡理論是規(guī)制生物技術(shù)專利權(quán)濫用的理論基礎(chǔ),可作為規(guī)制的理論依據(jù)。專利法、反壟斷法、反不正當(dāng)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)法及合同法中的制度安排可作為規(guī)制的現(xiàn)實(shí)法律依據(jù)。 我國(guó)目前直接針對(duì)生物技術(shù)專利權(quán)濫用規(guī)制的系統(tǒng)立法尚未確立,散見于專利法、反壟斷法、反不正當(dāng)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)法等有關(guān)法律中的規(guī)定在一定程度上可規(guī)制生物技術(shù)專利權(quán)濫用,但這些法律本身還存在問題且針對(duì)性不強(qiáng),不足以遏制生物技術(shù)專利權(quán)濫用的危害。因此,需要進(jìn)一步完善現(xiàn)有相關(guān)規(guī)定,并增加專利法、反壟斷法和反不正當(dāng)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)法中的針對(duì)性規(guī)定,以更好地對(duì)我國(guó)生物技術(shù)專利權(quán)濫用進(jìn)行有效的法律規(guī)制。
[Abstract]:In 21th century, biotechnology developed more rapidly, ecology, population, environment and difficult diseases and other difficult problems can not be separated from the development and use of biotechnology, more and more countries increased the support for biotechnology research and development. The patent protection of biotechnology invention is emphasized, but the regulation of patent abuse is ignored. The patentee of biotechnology abuses his exclusive advantage in technology, information and so on, and suppresses the competition of others. Destroy the good competition order of the market, and ultimately hinder the technological progress and economic growth of a country. Therefore, further study on the legal regulation of patent abuse. It is of great practical significance to prevent the abuse of patent right. Biotechnology patent refers to a specific biotechnology invention achievements awarded by a specific patent agency to its inventor. The special nature of biotechnology determines the characteristics of the biotechnology patent: first, the patent standard varies greatly because of the different technical themes; Second, the claim is too broad; Third, a large number of biotechnology patents are mainly used for scientific research, not for commercial activities. Whether or not to grant patent rights to biotechnology on sensitive issues such as cloning is controversial, although biotechnology patents are of great significance to the economic development of the country. However, the protection of biotechnology patent right in the world is still very uneven. The United States protection standards are relatively open, the European Union protection standards are relatively strict, and the protection of developing countries due to funds, technology and other reasons is still quite weak. Biotechnology developed countries use their own patent advantages in medicine, agriculture and other areas of abuse of patent rights, easy to bring harm to ethics. Monopolize the source of genetic resources, hindering follow-up innovation and other special risks. Ethics theory, economic growth theory, authority theory, benefit balance theory are the theoretical basis of regulating the abuse of biotechnology patent right, which can be used as the theoretical basis of regulation. Patent law, anti-monopoly law. The system arrangement in anti-unfair competition law and contract law can be regarded as the realistic legal basis of regulation. At present, the system legislation of direct regulation on patent abuse of biotechnology has not been established in China, which is scattered in patent law and anti-monopoly law. Anti-unfair competition law and other relevant laws can regulate the abuse of biotechnology patent rights to a certain extent, but these laws still have problems and are not targeted. Therefore, it is necessary to further improve the existing relevant provisions, and increase the patent law, anti-monopoly law and anti-unfair competition law targeted provisions. In order to better our country biotechnology patent right abuse carries on the effective legal regulation.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：鄭州大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號(hào)】：D923.42

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