本文關(guān)鍵詞： 新商人習(xí)慣法 逐步編纂 清單方式　出處：《山東大學(xué)》2012年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：商人習(xí)慣法產(chǎn)生于中世紀(jì)的商人法,是調(diào)整跨國(guó)商事關(guān)系的重要途徑,是由商人們自己在商事實(shí)踐中創(chuàng)造出來(lái)并逐漸得到國(guó)際社會(huì)承認(rèn)的自治性法律。雖然經(jīng)過(guò)了中世紀(jì)發(fā)展完善以及二十世紀(jì)的復(fù)興,商人習(xí)慣法仍尚未形成自治完備的法律體系,但值得慶幸的是商人習(xí)慣法已經(jīng)步入了編纂階段。 自上個(gè)世紀(jì),比較法學(xué)家和一些私立機(jī)構(gòu)為跨國(guó)合同法的統(tǒng)一做出了各方面的努力,其中很多項(xiàng)目對(duì)跨國(guó)合同法的統(tǒng)一產(chǎn)生了重要影響,并且加強(qiáng)了新商人習(xí)慣法的理論基礎(chǔ)與新商人習(xí)慣法編纂趨勢(shì)之間的重要聯(lián)系。國(guó)際條約、國(guó)內(nèi)立法、國(guó)際貿(mào)易慣例和仲裁實(shí)踐都證明商人習(xí)慣法在調(diào)整跨國(guó)商事交易方面,發(fā)揮著十分重要的作用。隨著國(guó)際社會(huì)依存度逐步提高以及跨國(guó)商業(yè)活動(dòng)的增多,商人習(xí)慣法的適用范圍變得更加廣泛。因此，盡管在商人習(xí)慣法的多樣性和傳統(tǒng)編纂方法之間存在難以相容的困境,但為了更好地調(diào)整跨國(guó)商事關(guān)系促進(jìn)全球經(jīng)濟(jì)的繁榮和穩(wěn)定,找到合理的編纂新商人習(xí)慣法的方式和方法已迫在眉睫。 本文首先從商人習(xí)慣法確定性角度,對(duì)商人習(xí)慣法的概念進(jìn)行了研究。研究新商人習(xí)慣法的編纂,明確商人習(xí)慣法理論的主要內(nèi)容。從實(shí)踐角度出發(fā),在大多數(shù)情況下商人習(xí)慣法要借助于國(guó)內(nèi)法或其他法律淵源才能調(diào)整國(guó)際商事關(guān)系。 通過(guò)對(duì)商人習(xí)慣法編纂歷史和編纂項(xiàng)目的研究,其理論基礎(chǔ)與編纂趨勢(shì)之間聯(lián)系的分析,以及對(duì)編纂主體的歸納,本文認(rèn)為新商人習(xí)慣法編纂的有效途徑是“逐步編纂”方法和清單方式,本文著重研究了商人習(xí)慣法編纂的清單方式。筆者認(rèn)為清單不僅可以使新商人習(xí)慣法的內(nèi)容獲得比較現(xiàn)實(shí)的發(fā)展前景,也可填補(bǔ)理論探討和實(shí)踐生活之間的鴻溝；其制定毋需國(guó)內(nèi)法那樣嚴(yán)格的程序,可以為處理現(xiàn)代跨國(guó)商業(yè)交易糾紛提供及時(shí)有效的解決辦法。 在商人習(xí)慣法的編纂方面,我國(guó)尚處于初級(jí)階段,沒(méi)有制訂成文商法,但是在少數(shù)法律規(guī)定和法律實(shí)踐中體現(xiàn)初對(duì)商人習(xí)慣法的認(rèn)可。隨著我國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)實(shí)力的迅速增強(qiáng),加入世貿(mào)組織后跨國(guó)商事活動(dòng)更加頻繁,依照傳統(tǒng)的沖突法方法來(lái)調(diào)整國(guó)際商事關(guān)系的局限性日益凸顯,本文認(rèn)為這正體現(xiàn)了新商人習(xí)慣法編纂的緊迫性和重要性,我國(guó)應(yīng)在尊重國(guó)內(nèi)法和重視跨國(guó)糾紛解決實(shí)踐的基礎(chǔ)上,對(duì)商人習(xí)慣法進(jìn)行調(diào)查和編纂。 通過(guò)選擇并實(shí)施新的編纂方法，在滿足開(kāi)放法律體系要求的同時(shí),保證新商人習(xí)慣法理論在法律實(shí)踐當(dāng)中的可行性。本文認(rèn)為編纂方法應(yīng)當(dāng)保證法律原則和規(guī)則事實(shí)上屬于新商人習(xí)慣法,而不是停留在構(gòu)成國(guó)際慣例或者貿(mào)易習(xí)慣的初級(jí)階段。新商人習(xí)慣法制度性建設(shè)應(yīng)當(dāng)包括對(duì)國(guó)際法律實(shí)踐的接納,新的編纂方法應(yīng)當(dāng)包括對(duì)判例法和已經(jīng)進(jìn)行的起草實(shí)踐的研究,實(shí)現(xiàn)新商人習(xí)慣法的廣泛性和多元化,以有效調(diào)整跨國(guó)商事關(guān)系,為跨國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)提供良好的發(fā)展和運(yùn)行環(huán)境。
[Abstract]:The merchant ' s customary law was created in the medieval merchant law . It was an important way to adjust the relationship of transnational business , which was created by the merchants themselves in the practice of commercial affairs and gradually gained the autonomy law recognized by the international community . Although the law system of self - government has not yet been formed through the consummation of the Middle Ages and the revival of the twentieth century , the customary law of businessman has not yet formed a complete legal system , but it is fortunate that the customary law of businessman has entered the stage of codification . Since the last century , the international treaties , domestic legislation , international trade practice and arbitration practice have proved that the customary law of merchants plays a very important role in the adjustment of transnational commercial transactions . This paper first studies the concept of merchant ' s customary law from the angle of certainty of merchant ' s customary law . It studies the compilation of new merchant ' s customary law and clarifies the main content of the theory of customary law of businessman . From the practical point of view , in most cases , the merchant ' s customary law is to adjust international commercial relations by means of domestic law or other legal sources . Based on the analysis of the relation between the compilation history and the compilation trend of merchant customary law , and the induction of compilation subject , this paper considers that the effective way of compiling the new businessman ' s customary law is " step - by - step codification " method and list mode . The author thinks that the list can not only make the content of the new merchant customary law more realistic , but also can fill the gap between theoretical discussion and practical life . With the rapid development of our country ' s economic strength , the international commercial activities are more frequent and the limitation of international commercial relations is becoming more frequent . This paper holds that this is a reflection of the urgency and importance of the codification of the customary law of the new merchant . In our country , we should investigate and compile the customary law of merchant in respect of the domestic law and the practice of international dispute settlement . The article thinks that the codification method should ensure that the law principles and rules are in fact belong to the new businessman ' s customary law , instead of staying in the primary stage of the international practice or trade habit . The new method of codification should include the study of the practice of international law . The new method should include the study of the case law and the drafting practice already carried out , so as to realize the universality and diversification of the customary law of the new businessman , so as to effectively adjust the relationship of transnational business and provide a good development and operation environment for the transnational economy .

【學(xué)位授予單位】：山東大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號(hào)】：D996.1

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