本文關(guān)鍵詞： 風(fēng)險轉(zhuǎn)移 交付主義 標(biāo)的物特定化　出處：《湖南師范大學(xué)》2012年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：風(fēng)險是一個內(nèi)涵豐富的概念,常被用作多個領(lǐng)域,經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)上的風(fēng)險是指某種不利事件或損失發(fā)生的概率及其后果的函數(shù)。即指人們因?qū)ξ磥硇袨榈臎Q策及客觀條件的不確定性而可能引起的后果與預(yù)定目標(biāo)發(fā)生多種偏離的綜合。在合同法上,從廣義上來講,非正常的損失被稱為風(fēng)險,一方面是指可以歸責(zé)于合同一方或雙方的事由所導(dǎo)致的各種損失,同時不可歸責(zé)于合同雙方當(dāng)事人的事由所導(dǎo)致的損失也可以被稱為廣義上的風(fēng)險。從狹義上來講,風(fēng)險僅僅是指不可歸責(zé)于雙方的事由所造成的非正常損失。 合同標(biāo)的物風(fēng)險是規(guī)定標(biāo)的物毀損、滅失時,風(fēng)險由誰承擔(dān)的問題,是風(fēng)險負(fù)擔(dān)的重要內(nèi)容之一,在買賣法中具有特別重要的意義。在海牙貨物買賣會議設(shè)立的專門委員會起草《國際貨物買賣統(tǒng)一法公約》時,專門委員會就在其報告中指出,“風(fēng)險負(fù)擔(dān)問題是公約起草者遇到的最須嚴(yán)肅對待的問題�！睂W(xué)者馮大同認(rèn)為：“買賣法的目的就在于把基于合同關(guān)系所產(chǎn)生的各種損失的風(fēng)險在當(dāng)事人之間分配,對于可歸責(zé)于買賣雙方當(dāng)事人事由所導(dǎo)致的風(fēng)險,一般根據(jù)違約責(zé)任制度對風(fēng)險進(jìn)行分配,對于不可歸責(zé)于雙方的風(fēng)險,又分為履行困難的風(fēng)險和履行不能的風(fēng)險,在英美法系國家,這兩種風(fēng)險均有合同落空制度來規(guī)定。在大陸法系國家,履行困難的風(fēng)險一般運(yùn)用情事變更原則來對風(fēng)險進(jìn)行分配；對于履行不能的風(fēng)險,一般采用風(fēng)險負(fù)擔(dān)規(guī)則來進(jìn)行風(fēng)險的分配。 隨著經(jīng)濟(jì)的日趨發(fā)展,各國之間的貿(mào)易往來不斷加深,各國、國際組織對對外貿(mào)易相關(guān)的法律都十分重視,相關(guān)國際公約和貿(mào)易慣例對風(fēng)險負(fù)擔(dān)規(guī)則做了詳細(xì)的規(guī)定。大多數(shù)國家也制定了具體的規(guī)定,對標(biāo)的物風(fēng)險轉(zhuǎn)移的規(guī)則進(jìn)行了詳細(xì)的規(guī)定。我國1999年生效的《中國人民共和國合同法》,在買賣合同一章對貨物風(fēng)險轉(zhuǎn)移做了詳細(xì)規(guī)定的同時,我國學(xué)界對買賣合同標(biāo)的物風(fēng)險轉(zhuǎn)移的相關(guān)法條存在不同的意見和建議。同時,在實(shí)施過程中,標(biāo)的物風(fēng)險轉(zhuǎn)移的規(guī)定也存在一些不合理的情況,因此對買賣合同標(biāo)的物的風(fēng)險轉(zhuǎn)移制度進(jìn)行比較研究,取各個制度之間的優(yōu)點(diǎn),為我國合同法所借鑒,對進(jìn)一步完善我國合同法制度有重要的實(shí)際意義。
[Abstract]:Risk is a concept of rich connotation , often used as a plurality of fields . The risk in economics is a function of the probability of a certain adverse event or loss and its consequences . In the contract law , the non - normal loss is called the risk . On the one hand , the loss caused by the non - normal loss can also be referred to as the risk in the broad sense . In the narrow sense , the risk refers only to the non - normal loss caused by the incident caused by both parties . The article points out that " the problem of risk burden is the most serious problem encountered by the author of the Convention " . In the countries of the Continental Law system , the risk is divided into the risk of implementation difficulty and the risk that the performance cannot be performed . In the countries of the Continental Law system , the risk of performing the difficulty is generally assigned to the risk . In the countries of the Continental Law system , the risk is usually allocated by the risk burden rule . With the development of economy and the growing trade between countries , the international organizations attach great importance to the laws of foreign trade , and the relevant international conventions and trade practices have made detailed provisions on the rules of risk transfer . At the same time , in the course of implementation , there are some unreasonable conditions for the transfer of the risks of the subject matter .

【學(xué)位授予單位】：湖南師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號】：D923.6

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