本文關(guān)鍵詞： 債權(quán)不可侵性 制度價(jià)值 構(gòu)成要件 免責(zé)事由　出處：《西南政法大學(xué)》2013年碩士論文　論文類(lèi)型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：合同債權(quán)的侵權(quán)法保護(hù)問(wèn)題一直是民法學(xué)界長(zhǎng)期爭(zhēng)論的問(wèn)題。由于受到債權(quán)相對(duì)性理論以及絕對(duì)權(quán)和相對(duì)權(quán)劃分的理論影響。債權(quán)一直被作為一種不具有公開(kāi)性的權(quán)利而被排除在侵權(quán)法的保護(hù)范圍之外。而對(duì)第三人侵害合同債權(quán)予以規(guī)制的英美法國(guó)家的判例最初出現(xiàn)以后，越來(lái)越多的國(guó)家日益復(fù)雜的債權(quán)侵害關(guān)系中，展開(kāi)了對(duì)債權(quán)侵害行為的規(guī)制。我國(guó)在一些零散的立法中，雖然能看到關(guān)于第三人侵害合同債權(quán)制度的影子，但始終都未實(shí)現(xiàn)債權(quán)侵權(quán)法保護(hù)的完整制度構(gòu)建。隨著經(jīng)濟(jì)社會(huì)的不斷發(fā)展，不正當(dāng)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)和多種多樣的債權(quán)侵害的出現(xiàn)。該制度在我國(guó)的對(duì)于債權(quán)人的利益以及市場(chǎng)有序運(yùn)行環(huán)境的構(gòu)建都具有極大的意義。該制度得以構(gòu)建的現(xiàn)實(shí)基礎(chǔ)已經(jīng)愈發(fā)成熟。 本文除引言和結(jié)語(yǔ)，共分為五章內(nèi)容：第一章簡(jiǎn)要論述該制度的起源以及在理論界對(duì)于“第三人侵害合同債權(quán)”的概念界定以及一般理論。第二章主要通過(guò)域外法律對(duì)于第三人侵害合同債權(quán)或妨害合同履行的相關(guān)規(guī)定的介紹，對(duì)于我國(guó)如何建立第三人侵害合同債權(quán)制度進(jìn)行了探索比較。在域外法中現(xiàn)存的許多相關(guān)制度都是值得借鑒的。本章主要是針對(duì)一些具有典型代表意義的國(guó)家的現(xiàn)行規(guī)定進(jìn)行了總結(jié)分析。 本文欲將論述的重點(diǎn)放在以下兩章內(nèi)容上：第三章主要立足于我國(guó)的立法以及社會(huì)現(xiàn)狀，論述了我國(guó)第三人侵害合同債權(quán)的侵權(quán)法保護(hù)設(shè)立的必要性和理論基礎(chǔ)，制度價(jià)值和實(shí)踐意義。首先，提出了目前存在于我國(guó)理論界的，對(duì)于第三人侵害合同債權(quán)制度的不同學(xué)說(shuō)觀點(diǎn)，主要有肯定說(shuō)和否定說(shuō)兩種觀點(diǎn)。其次又從三方面論述了構(gòu)建第三人侵害合同債權(quán)制度的理論基礎(chǔ)。主要包括對(duì)于否定說(shuō)之合同相對(duì)性理由的反駁，債權(quán)不可侵性和債權(quán)物權(quán)化，債權(quán)財(cái)產(chǎn)特性的論述。最后又在以上論述的基礎(chǔ)上，結(jié)合我國(guó)司法實(shí)踐的實(shí)際情況提出了建立該制度的制度價(jià)值和意義。有利于保護(hù)市場(chǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)中的交易安全，有利于維護(hù)債權(quán)人利益，也有利于我國(guó)未來(lái)民法體系的完善和進(jìn)步。第四章主要是從制度設(shè)立的角度，具體的闡述了我國(guó)第三人侵害合同債權(quán)制度的地位，構(gòu)成要素，責(zé)任形式以及具體的責(zé)任承擔(dān)方式。本章首先提出了，，將對(duì)于第三人侵害合同債權(quán)的規(guī)制的意義，已經(jīng)將合同債權(quán)利益納入侵權(quán)法領(lǐng)域進(jìn)行保護(hù)的必要性；其次，從第三人侵害合同債權(quán)制度的構(gòu)成要素出發(fā)，展開(kāi)對(duì)比，并且從中引出了本文觀點(diǎn)，介紹了筆者認(rèn)為第三人侵害合同債權(quán)的責(zé)任承擔(dān)應(yīng)當(dāng)具有的嚴(yán)格的要素構(gòu)成；最后，對(duì)于第三人侵害合同債權(quán)的所表現(xiàn)出來(lái)具體的侵權(quán)類(lèi)型，以及責(zé)任承擔(dān)方式和分配辦法、免責(zé)事由具體根據(jù)本文觀點(diǎn)，進(jìn)行了論述。最后再次進(jìn)行了總結(jié)，提出了自己的結(jié)論。 最后第五章，文章主要是提出了在建立侵權(quán)法對(duì)于合同債權(quán)的保護(hù)在制度中，應(yīng)當(dāng)要注意的是不能過(guò)度的使得侵權(quán)法在合同法領(lǐng)域的過(guò)度擴(kuò)張。過(guò)度的擴(kuò)張會(huì)導(dǎo)致民法領(lǐng)域之間界限的模糊以及危害對(duì)于整個(gè)有序的民法體系構(gòu)建，這是在建立第三人侵害合同債權(quán)制度中要注意的問(wèn)題。
[Abstract]:The problem of tort law protection of contract creditor's rights is civil law has long been a controversial issue. Due to the relativity of creditor's rights and the theory of absolute right and relative right division theory. Creditor's rights has been as a kind of do not have the right to publicity and were excluded from the scope of protection in the tort law. After the Anglo American countries on the third people infringementcontractdebt regulate the case first appeared, more and more countries against the complex creditor relationship, the regulation of the creditor's rights violations. In some of China's fragmented legislation, although can see on the third party system of contract creditor's rights of the shadow, but always did not achieve a complete system of creditor's rights the tort law protection construction. With the development of social economy, unfair competition and a variety of violating creditor's rights. The system in our country for the interests of the creditors to The construction of the orderly running environment of the market is of great significance. The realistic foundation of the system has become more mature.
In addition to the introduction and conclusion, is divided into five chapters: the first chapter briefly discusses the origin of the system as well as in the theoretical circles for the concept of "third infringementcontractdebt" definition and general theory. The second chapter mainly through the relevant provisions of foreign laws for the third person infringement contract debt or harms the performance of the contract is introduced for how does our country establish infringementcontractdebt system probes third people. Many related systems existing in law are valuable. This chapter is mainly on the existing provisions of some typical countries were summarized and analyzed.
This paper will focus on the following two chapters: the third chapter law and social status based on our country, discusses the necessity and theoretical basis of tort law protection of China's third infringementcontractdebt establishment, system value and practical significance. Firstly, put forward the current exist in our country in theory, the third infringementcontractdebt system of different theories, mainly has positive and negative two points of view. Secondly, from three aspects discusses the theoretical basis of constructing the third infringementcontractdebt system. Including the contract or said the relativity of the reason that the inviolability of creditor's right and property claims, creditor property characteristics discussed. Finally based on the above discussion, combined with the actual situation of China's judicial practice put forward the establishment of system of value and significance and is conducive to the protection of the market. The security of transactions, is conducive to safeguarding the interests of creditors, but also conducive to the improvement and progress of our country's future civil law system. The fourth chapter is mainly from the perspective of system establishment, specific elaborated on China's third infringementcontractdebt system status, elements, responsibility type and specific responsibility. Chapter third presents, for violation of contract creditor's rights regulation has the meaning of contract creditor's rights interests into the necessity of tort law protection; secondly, the elements of infringementcontractdebt system from third people of comparative, and drawn from the viewpoint of this article, the author thinks that the third party is introduced the contract claims of responsibility should have strict elements; finally, the third infringementcontractdebt exhibited by the specific type of infringement, and accountability. On the basis of the view of this article, the disclaimer and the method of disclaimer are discussed. Finally, the conclusion is put forward and the conclusion is put forward.
The last fifth chapters, this paper is mainly made in the establishment of tort law for the creditor's rights protection in the system, should pay attention to is not over the excessive expansion of tort law in the field of contract law. The excessive expansion will lead to the boundary of civil law between fields fuzzy and harm for the whole orderly civil law system construction, the is to pay attention to in establishing the third person infringement contract debt problems in the system.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：西南政法大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：D923.6

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