【摘要】：專屬經(jīng)濟(jì)區(qū)指沿海國在其領(lǐng)海以外鄰接其領(lǐng)海的海域所設(shè)立的一種專屬管轄區(qū)。在此區(qū)域內(nèi)沿海國為勘探、開發(fā)、養(yǎng)護(hù)和管理海床和底土及其上覆水域的自然資源的目的,擁有主權(quán)權(quán)利。此外,沿海國在專屬經(jīng)濟(jì)區(qū)還有在海洋科學(xué)研究和海洋環(huán)境保護(hù)等方面的管轄權(quán)。海洋強(qiáng)國憑借其強(qiáng)大的軍事能力通過經(jīng)濟(jì)專屬區(qū)去搜集沿海國的軍事情報(bào)等信息,甚至給沿海國以軍事威脅,而沿海國為了維護(hù)自己的利益極力強(qiáng)調(diào)專屬經(jīng)濟(jì)區(qū)的權(quán)益以阻止外國的軍事活動(dòng),這就使專屬經(jīng)濟(jì)區(qū)的斗爭異常尖銳。 專屬經(jīng)濟(jì)區(qū)是《聯(lián)合國海洋法公約》創(chuàng)設(shè)的一個(gè)新制度。這個(gè)新制度既為沿海國維護(hù)海洋權(quán)益提供了法律依據(jù),同時(shí)又因各國對(duì)其理解和運(yùn)用的差異引發(fā)了一系列問題。本文以專屬經(jīng)濟(jì)區(qū)制度為切入點(diǎn),先對(duì)專屬經(jīng)濟(jì)區(qū)進(jìn)行概念分析,然后對(duì)專屬經(jīng)濟(jì)區(qū)上空非沿海國的“航行和飛越自由”問題、專屬經(jīng)濟(jì)區(qū)的“軍事測量”問題、非沿海國軍事活動(dòng)“和平目的”問題、非沿海國軍事活動(dòng)權(quán)利與其他國家權(quán)利問題等進(jìn)行了系統(tǒng)、全面和深入地辨析。并在此基礎(chǔ)上對(duì)專屬經(jīng)濟(jì)區(qū)非沿海國軍事活動(dòng)爭議問題的解決進(jìn)行了論證,以闡明:非沿海國享有“航行和飛越自由”等權(quán)利,但是非沿海國的這些活動(dòng)要受到限制。 文章的第一部分從《聯(lián)合國海洋法公約》規(guī)定出發(fā),分析了專屬經(jīng)濟(jì)區(qū)的法律性質(zhì)。第二部分論述了專屬經(jīng)濟(jì)區(qū)上空非沿海國的“航行和飛越自由”問題。指出非沿海國在專屬經(jīng)濟(jì)區(qū)只享有“限制下”的自由;專屬經(jīng)濟(jì)區(qū)空域不是公空,沿海國享有有限管轄權(quán);非沿海國在專屬經(jīng)濟(jì)區(qū)內(nèi)航行和飛越時(shí)應(yīng)承擔(dān)相應(yīng)的法律義務(wù)。 第三部分論述了非沿海國在專屬經(jīng)濟(jì)區(qū)的“軍事測量”問題。指出,“軍事測量”屬于“海洋科學(xué)研究”,因此,沿海國對(duì)“軍事測量”享有管轄權(quán)。 第四部分論述了非沿海國軍事活動(dòng)“和平目的”問題。指出,各國對(duì)非沿海國軍事活動(dòng)如何體現(xiàn)“和平目的”存在爭議。允許國家基于“和平目的”進(jìn)行一般意義上的軍事活動(dòng),并要求軍事活動(dòng)相互尊重。 第五部分論述了非沿海國軍事活動(dòng)權(quán)利與其他國家權(quán)利問題。指出,軍事活動(dòng)必須優(yōu)先“適當(dāng)顧及”沿海國的合法權(quán)利;沿海國在“剩余權(quán)利”的分配上應(yīng)處于主導(dǎo)和優(yōu)先地位。 第六部分論述了專屬經(jīng)濟(jì)區(qū)非沿海國軍事活動(dòng)爭議問題的解決。非沿海國軍事活動(dòng)爭議的特性決定了國家多采取政治方法解決爭端。中國一貫奉行和平方式解決國際爭端的原則,對(duì)于專屬經(jīng)濟(jì)區(qū)軍事活動(dòng)爭議也是一樣。
[Abstract]:Exclusive economic zone (EEZ) refers to an exclusive jurisdiction established by a coastal State adjacent to its territorial sea outside its territorial sea. A coastal State in the area shall have a sovereign right for the purpose of exploration, exploitation, conservation and management of the natural resources of the seabed and subsoil and its overlying waters. In addition, coastal States have exclusive economic zone jurisdiction in marine scientific research and marine environmental protection. Maritime powers rely on their powerful military capabilities to collect military intelligence and other information from coastal states through exclusive economic zones, and even pose military threats to coastal States. In order to protect their own interests, the coastal states try to emphasize the rights and interests of the exclusive economic zone to prevent foreign military activities, which makes the struggle of the exclusive economic zone extremely sharp. The exclusive economic zone is a new system created by the UN Convention on the Law of the Sea. This new system not only provides legal basis for coastal states to safeguard their rights and interests of the sea, but also causes a series of problems because of the differences in their understanding and application. Based on the system of exclusive economic zone (EEZ), this paper first analyzes the concept of EEZ, then discusses the "freedom of navigation and overflight" of non-coastal states over EEZ, and the "military survey" of EEZ. The problem of "peaceful purpose" of the military activities of non-coastal States, the rights of military activities of non-coastal States and the rights of other countries are systematically and thoroughly analyzed. On the basis of this, the author demonstrates the dispute settlement of military activities of non-coastal states in the exclusive economic zone, in order to clarify that non-coastal States enjoy the right of "freedom of navigation and overflight", but these activities of non-coastal States should be restricted. The first part of the article analyzes the legal nature of exclusive economic zone from the provisions of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea. The second part discusses the freedom of navigation and overflight of non-coastal states over exclusive economic zone. It is pointed out that non-coastal States only enjoy "restricted" freedom in the exclusive economic zone, that the airspace of the exclusive economic zone is not a public space, and that coastal States enjoy limited jurisdiction, and that the non-coastal States should bear corresponding legal obligations when navigating and overflying within the exclusive economic zone. The third part discusses the military survey of non-coastal states in the exclusive economic zone. It is pointed out that "military survey" belongs to "marine scientific research", therefore, coastal State has jurisdiction over "military survey". The fourth part discusses the peaceful purpose of military activities of non-coastal states. It is pointed out that there are disputes about how the military activities of non-coastal states embody "peaceful purposes". Allow States to conduct military activities in a general sense based on "peaceful purposes" and require mutual respect for military activities. The fifth part discusses the rights of military activities of non-coastal states and the rights of other countries. It was stated that military activities must give priority to "due regard" to the legitimate rights of coastal States, and that coastal States should be dominant and prioritized in the allocation of "residual rights". The sixth part discusses the settlement of military activities dispute in non-coastal states of exclusive economic zone. The nature of the dispute over the military activities of the non-coastal state determines that the state adopts political means to settle the dispute. China has always adhered to the principle of peaceful settlement of international disputes, as has the dispute over military activities in the exclusive economic zone.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：華東政法大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2011
【分類號(hào)】：D993.5

【引證文獻(xiàn)】

相關(guān)碩士學(xué)位論文 前1條

1 孫輝;專屬經(jīng)濟(jì)區(qū)內(nèi)的軍事活動(dòng)問題[D];中國社會(huì)科學(xué)院研究生院;2013年

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本文編號(hào)：2377852