【摘要】：信用證項(xiàng)下進(jìn)口押匯業(yè)務(wù)是銀行在開(kāi)展國(guó)際業(yè)務(wù)中給進(jìn)口商提供的一項(xiàng)融資服務(wù)。隨著全球經(jīng)濟(jì)一體化的發(fā)展和國(guó)與國(guó)之間的貿(mào)易往來(lái)的日益增多,這項(xiàng)業(yè)務(wù)在國(guó)際經(jīng)濟(jì)交往中也得到了廣泛的開(kāi)展。但是目前我國(guó)有關(guān)信用證項(xiàng)下進(jìn)口押匯的法律法規(guī)還不完善,并且缺乏相關(guān)的司法解釋,銀行在實(shí)踐操作中辦理進(jìn)口押匯業(yè)務(wù)時(shí),其操作流程與我國(guó)信托法和擔(dān)保法規(guī)定在內(nèi)容上有諸多的矛盾。具體表現(xiàn)在：信托收據(jù)與抵押、質(zhì)押擔(dān)保并存的矛盾,物的擔(dān)保與人的保證優(yōu)先性的矛盾,質(zhì)物的處置與質(zhì)押權(quán)存續(xù)效力的矛盾。在銀行和押匯申請(qǐng)人出現(xiàn)糾紛時(shí),銀行面臨著進(jìn)口商和保證人的種種抗辯,傳統(tǒng)的擔(dān)保制度已經(jīng)不足以保障銀行的利益。另外,進(jìn)口押匯業(yè)務(wù)中,押匯銀行面臨的客戶(hù)資信風(fēng)險(xiǎn)、市場(chǎng)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)和信托收據(jù)帶來(lái)的風(fēng)險(xiǎn),都使得押匯行的利益得不到保障。因此,對(duì)進(jìn)口押匯法律問(wèn)題的研究,不僅具有理論價(jià)值,而且對(duì)銀行實(shí)務(wù)的開(kāi)展有實(shí)踐意義。 本文根據(jù)我國(guó)進(jìn)口押匯業(yè)務(wù)存在的問(wèn)題并通過(guò)分析和比較國(guó)內(nèi)外的相關(guān)制度,來(lái)完善我國(guó)的進(jìn)口押匯法律制度,以達(dá)到開(kāi)展進(jìn)口押匯業(yè)務(wù)時(shí)銀行和進(jìn)口商雙贏的目標(biāo)。因此,借鑒國(guó)外擔(dān)保制度的有效實(shí)踐,考慮如何實(shí)現(xiàn)我國(guó)銀行業(yè)務(wù)開(kāi)展中通常用到的信托收據(jù)的完美結(jié)合,在現(xiàn)實(shí)生活中非常必要。法的移植是一項(xiàng)十分復(fù)雜的工作,要避免不加選擇地盲目移植,選擇優(yōu)秀的、適合本國(guó)國(guó)情和需要的法律進(jìn)行移植,注意國(guó)外法與本國(guó)法之間的同構(gòu)性和兼容性,注意法律體系的系統(tǒng)性,同時(shí)法的移植要有適當(dāng)?shù)某靶�。合理�?gòu)建我國(guó)進(jìn)口押匯法律制度,在實(shí)務(wù)操作方面是完善進(jìn)口押匯協(xié)議,在協(xié)議中明確信托財(cái)產(chǎn)和抵押質(zhì)押標(biāo)的物劃清界限,盡量避免概念的混淆引起法律沖突,影響銀行的權(quán)益。在制度層面引進(jìn)讓與擔(dān)保制度,使其與信托收據(jù)合理的承接起來(lái),給押匯行和押匯申請(qǐng)人提供平衡的保護(hù)；建立信托登記公示制度,實(shí)現(xiàn)對(duì)信托財(cái)產(chǎn)權(quán)屬狀態(tài)的公示,保證銀行的權(quán)益和進(jìn)口押匯業(yè)務(wù)的順利開(kāi)展。另外,需要注意的是銀行在選擇客戶(hù)或授信時(shí)一定要謹(jǐn)慎設(shè)計(jì)擔(dān)保措施,來(lái)保證銀行的權(quán)益。
[Abstract]:L / C is a financing service provided by banks to importers in international business. With the development of global economic integration and the increasing trade between countries, this business has been widely carried out in international economic exchanges. However, at present, the laws and regulations relating to the import of documentary documents under letters of credit in our country are not perfect, and there is no relevant judicial explanation. When banks deal with the business of import bills in practice, There are many contradictions between the operation flow and the provisions of our trust law and guarantee law. The concrete manifestation is: trust receipt and mortgage, the contradiction of pledge guarantee, the contradiction between the guarantee of things and the priority of guarantee, the contradiction between the disposition of pledge and the validity of pledge right. When there is a dispute between the bank and the applicant, the bank is faced with various defences from the importer and guarantor. The traditional guarantee system is not enough to protect the interests of the bank. In addition, the credit risk, market risk and trust receipt risk faced by the documentary bank make the interest of the documentary bank not to be protected. Therefore, the study on the legal issues of import bills is not only of theoretical value, but also of practical significance to the development of banking practice. According to the problems existing in the import documentary bill business in our country and by analyzing and comparing the relevant systems at home and abroad, this paper tries to perfect the legal system of import documentary bill in our country, so as to achieve the goal of win-win situation between the bank and the importer when carrying out the import documentary bill business. Therefore, it is very necessary in real life to learn from the effective practice of foreign guarantee system and consider how to realize the perfect combination of trust receipt which is usually used in the development of banking business in our country. The transplantation of law is a very complicated task. It is necessary to avoid blind transplantation without any choice, to select excellent laws that are suitable to the national conditions and needs of our country, and to pay attention to the homogeneity and compatibility between foreign and domestic laws. Attention should be paid to the systematization of the legal system, and at the same time, the transplantation of the law should be appropriate. The reasonable construction of our country's legal system of import bill of exchange is to perfect the agreement of import bill in practice, to make clear the boundary between the trust property and the subject matter of mortgage pledge in the agreement, to avoid the confusion of the concept and cause the legal conflict as far as possible. Affect the rights and interests of banks. In the institutional level, the transfer guarantee system is introduced to make it reasonable to accept with the trust receipt, and to provide balanced protection for the bank and the applicant; Establishing the trust registration and publicizing system, realizing the public announcement of the state of the trust property right, and ensuring the smooth development of the bank's rights and interests and the import bill of exchange business. In addition, the bank must carefully design the guarantee measures to protect the bank's rights and interests when selecting customers or granting credit.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：大連海事大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：D996.2

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