【摘要】：能源問題一直困擾著世界各國(guó),尤其隨著石油、煤炭資源的枯竭和新能源的興起,能源投資問題成為各國(guó)關(guān)注的熱門話題。美國(guó)、加拿大和日本的學(xué)者提出在外資進(jìn)入本國(guó)能源市場(chǎng)的同時(shí)如何通過市場(chǎng)準(zhǔn)入維護(hù)國(guó)家安全的問題。盡管國(guó)內(nèi)關(guān)于能源投資相關(guān)問題的研究很多,但是涉足能源投資的市場(chǎng)準(zhǔn)入問題的研究還不夠深入,希望通過本文對(duì)中外能源投資市場(chǎng)準(zhǔn)入制度的比較研究,為我國(guó)相關(guān)研究領(lǐng)域做出一定貢獻(xiàn)。 能源投資市場(chǎng)準(zhǔn)入制度是指基于維護(hù)國(guó)際自由貿(mào)易和國(guó)家經(jīng)濟(jì)安全、社會(huì)公共利益或者為了實(shí)現(xiàn)某種政治需要,根據(jù)本國(guó)基本情況和國(guó)際承諾,是否允許外國(guó)投資者進(jìn)入本國(guó)能源領(lǐng)域或進(jìn)行控制等限制手段的總稱。能源作為關(guān)系國(guó)家經(jīng)濟(jì)主權(quán)和安全的重要資源,越來越多的國(guó)家對(duì)外國(guó)投資者進(jìn)入能源領(lǐng)域持控制或者限制的態(tài)度。 本文從政治學(xué)、經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)和法學(xué)的視角,采用歷史、比較與實(shí)證方法相結(jié)合的分析方法,全面對(duì)比研究了我國(guó)和俄羅斯、美國(guó)及中東地區(qū)的能源投資市場(chǎng)準(zhǔn)入制度,同時(shí)結(jié)合我國(guó)目前相關(guān)法律的建設(shè)情況,進(jìn)而為我國(guó)能源投資市場(chǎng)準(zhǔn)入制度的完善提供寶貴意見。 本文除引言和結(jié)論外,共分為以下三個(gè)部分： 第一部分為能源投資市場(chǎng)準(zhǔn)入制度的基本理論。闡述市場(chǎng)準(zhǔn)入的概念,分析了市場(chǎng)準(zhǔn)入的內(nèi)涵、特征和種類；能源投資市場(chǎng)準(zhǔn)入的產(chǎn)生是基于國(guó)家經(jīng)濟(jì)主權(quán)原則,其基本內(nèi)容一般包括投資領(lǐng)域、投資條件、投資比例要求和投資審批等。 第二部分為中外能源投資市場(chǎng)準(zhǔn)入制度比較。該部分以俄羅斯、美國(guó)、伊拉克和沙特阿拉伯為例,從能源投資市場(chǎng)準(zhǔn)入制度的背景、投資領(lǐng)域、外資比例要求和審批審查方面對(duì)中外情況進(jìn)行比較研究。 第三部分為國(guó)外能源投資市場(chǎng)準(zhǔn)入制度對(duì)我國(guó)的啟示及對(duì)完善我國(guó)相關(guān)制度的建議。首先闡述了通過上文中比較研究得出的啟示；接著對(duì)我國(guó)能源投資市場(chǎng)準(zhǔn)入制度的立法狀況進(jìn)行分析,指出我國(guó)在該制度上存在的立法層面問題和實(shí)踐中的問題,最后提出應(yīng)對(duì)的建議：我國(guó)應(yīng)當(dāng)完善或者重構(gòu)外資法,完善外商投資審批制度,完善國(guó)家安全審查機(jī)制。
[Abstract]:With the depletion of oil and coal resources and the rise of new energy, energy investment has become a hot topic in the world. Scholars in the United States, Canada and Japan have raised the issue of how to safeguard national security through market access while foreign investment enters the domestic energy market. Although there are a lot of domestic researches on energy investment, but the research on the market access of energy investment is not deep enough, I hope to compare the domestic and foreign energy investment market access system through this paper. To make some contributions to the relevant fields of research in China. The energy investment market access system is based on the maintenance of international free trade and national economic security, the public interest of society or the realization of certain political needs, in accordance with national conditions and international commitments, Whether to allow foreign investors to enter the domestic energy sector or control measures such as the general name. As an important resource related to national economic sovereignty and security, more and more countries hold a controlling or restricting attitude to foreign investors entering the energy field. From the perspective of politics, economics and law, this paper makes a comprehensive and comparative study of the energy investment market access system in China, Russia, the United States and the Middle East by using historical, comparative and empirical methods. At the same time, it provides valuable advice for the perfection of energy investment market access system. In addition to the introduction and conclusion, this paper is divided into the following three parts: the first part is the basic theory of energy investment market access system. The concept of market access is expounded, and the connotation, characteristics and types of market access are analyzed. The emergence of energy investment market access is based on the principle of national economic sovereignty, and its basic contents generally include investment field, investment conditions, investment proportion requirements, investment approval and so on. The second part is the comparison of Chinese and foreign energy investment market access system. Taking Russia, the United States, Iraq and Saudi Arabia as examples, this part makes a comparative study of the situation in China and abroad from the background of the energy investment market access system, the investment field, the requirement of foreign capital ratio and the examination and approval of foreign investment. The third part is the enlightenment of the foreign energy investment market access system to our country and the suggestion to perfect the relevant system of our country. First of all, it expounds the enlightenment obtained from the comparative study above. Then it analyzes the legislative situation of China's energy investment market access system, points out the legislative problems and practical problems in this system, and finally puts forward some suggestions: our country should perfect or reconstruct the foreign capital law. We will improve the examination and approval system for foreign investment and improve the national security review mechanism.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：山西大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號(hào)】：D996.2

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