【摘要】：《聯(lián)合國(guó)全程或部分海上國(guó)際貨物運(yùn)輸合同公約》(United Nations Convention on Contracts for the International Carriage of Goods Wholly or Partly by Sea)于2008年12月11日經(jīng)第63屆聯(lián)合國(guó)大會(huì)67次會(huì)議審議通過(guò),根據(jù)大會(huì)決議的授權(quán),2009年9月23日在荷蘭鹿特丹舉行開放供簽署的儀式。與《海牙規(guī)則》以及《海牙-維斯比規(guī)則》相比,《鹿特丹規(guī)則》以統(tǒng)一國(guó)際運(yùn)輸法律制度,明確各方權(quán)利義務(wù)為目的,因此對(duì)貨方權(quán)利義務(wù)規(guī)定也達(dá)到了前所未有的細(xì)致與明確。貨方權(quán)利義務(wù)的變化之大,需要引起注意。另?yè)?jù)國(guó)家統(tǒng)計(jì)局?jǐn)?shù)據(jù),十一五期間,海運(yùn)貨物出口量躍居世界前列,我國(guó)不僅是船運(yùn)大國(guó)同時(shí)也是貿(mào)易大國(guó)的地位應(yīng)無(wú)疑問(wèn)。但在海運(yùn)貿(mào)易實(shí)踐中,貨方分散而缺少有力的組織,像美國(guó)托運(yùn)人協(xié)會(huì)歐洲托運(yùn)人協(xié)會(huì)等貨方組織在中國(guó)大都缺少或不健全；貨主又以中小為主,特別江浙東南沿海等小貨主居多,法律權(quán)利意識(shí)淡薄,對(duì)國(guó)際公約知之甚少。相比之下船方大多談判力強(qiáng),面臨強(qiáng)大的船方如何維護(hù)自己利益是一個(gè)值得關(guān)注的問(wèn)題。因此本文從貨方的視角分析《鹿特丹規(guī)則》關(guān)于貨方權(quán)利義務(wù)的影響,審視其責(zé)任加重于否,并分析其影響,以期對(duì)貨方權(quán)利義務(wù)有更深入清楚的認(rèn)識(shí),從而有助于貨方在國(guó)際貿(mào)易中保障自身合法利益。 本文提取《鹿特丹規(guī)則》涉及貨方利益的主要條款及內(nèi)容,采用分析、比較、邏輯等方法,從貨方的視角審視《鹿特丹規(guī)則》,分析其中涉及貨方利益的主要條款的變化及對(duì)貨方的影響并進(jìn)行評(píng)價(jià),進(jìn)而指出貨方在新的規(guī)則下如何趨利避害維護(hù)自己利益。
[Abstract]:The United Nations Convention on contracts for the International Carriage of goods wholly or partly by Sea was considered and adopted on 11 December 2008 by the 63rd session of the General Assembly of the United Nations at its 67th session. A ceremony opened for signature was held in Rotterdam, the Netherlands, on 23 September 2009. Compared with the Hague rules and the Hague-Visby rules, the Rotterdam rules are aimed at unifying the legal regime of international transport and clarifying the rights and obligations of the parties, Therefore, the rights and obligations of the parties to the provisions have reached unprecedented detail and clarity. The changes in the rights and obligations of the consignor need to be noted. In addition, according to the data of the National Bureau of Statistics, the export volume of seaborne goods leapt to the top in the world during the 11th Five-Year Plan period. China is not only a shipping country but also a big trading country. However, in the practice of maritime trade, the cargo parties are scattered and lack of strong organizations, such as the European shippers Association of the United States shippers Association, and most of them are lacking or imperfect in China. Small and medium-sized cargo owners, especially in the southeast coast of Jiangsu and Zhejiang, such as small cargo owners, weak sense of legal rights, little knowledge of international conventions. By contrast, most of the ship negotiating power, facing a strong ship how to protect their own interests is a matter of concern. Therefore, this paper analyzes the impact of the Rotterdam rules on the rights and obligations of the shipper from the point of view of the shipper, examines whether its responsibilities are aggravated, and analyzes its impact, in order to have a deeper and clearer understanding of the rights and obligations of the consignor. In order to help the cargo in international trade to protect their legitimate interests. In this paper, the main terms and contents of Rotterdam rules concerning the interests of the shipper are extracted, and the Rotterdam rules are examined from the perspective of the shipper by means of analysis, comparison, logic and so on. This paper analyzes the changes of the main clauses involved in the benefit of the cargo party and their influence on the goods party, and then points out how the cargo party can seek advantages and avoid harm under the new rules to safeguard its own interests.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：山東大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號(hào)】：D996.19

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