試論國際法不加禁止行為所致跨界海洋污染的國際損害責(zé)任
發(fā)布時間：2018-12-07 12:27
【摘要】：國際法不加禁止的高度危險活動的實施日趨常態(tài)化,使得跨界海洋污染事故頻發(fā),會對一國的海洋經(jīng)濟利益和生態(tài)環(huán)境造成難以估量的損害。這種損失有時超出了直接致害方的承受范圍而造成受害方無法得到充分有效的補償。 本文即是嘗試在跨界海洋污染事件處理中引入國際法不加禁止行為所致?lián)p害性后果的國際責(zé)任(簡稱國際損害責(zé)任),來解決此類困境。對這種國際損害責(zé)任制度存在的爭議、缺陷和發(fā)展,以及適用于海洋污染所面臨的障礙等問題進行深入探討和評析,并結(jié)合具體國際文件和著名案例,特別是國際法委員會“國際法不加禁止行為所導(dǎo)致的損害性后果的國際責(zé)任”專題編纂的《預(yù)防危險活動的跨界損害條款草案》(簡稱《預(yù)防草案》)、《關(guān)于危險活動造成的跨界損害案件中損失分配的原則草案》(簡稱《分配原則》)以及歷屆專題會議報告、工作記錄,對在這類國際法非禁止行為所導(dǎo)致的跨界海洋污染事故中適用國際損害責(zé)任有一個全面、清晰的認(rèn)識,并提出幾點建設(shè)性意見,以完善現(xiàn)階段這項責(zé)任制度的實際適用性。同時,對于這項責(zé)任制度的未來做出了展望,即建立一套完整的以國家作為主要承擔(dān)主體的國際損害責(zé)任制度,保證跨界海洋污染適用國際損害責(zé)任的有效性和充分性。
[Abstract]:The implementation of highly dangerous activities which are not prohibited by international law is becoming more and more regular, which causes frequent accidents of transboundary marine pollution, which will cause incalculable damage to the marine economic interests and ecological environment of a country. Such losses sometimes go beyond the immediate harm's burden and result in the aggrieved party being unable to obtain adequate and effective compensation. This paper attempts to introduce international liability for injurious consequences arising out of acts not prohibited by international law (international liability for damage) in dealing with transboundary marine pollution events to solve this kind of dilemma. Making an in-depth discussion and assessment of the disputes, shortcomings and developments of this regime of international liability for damage, as well as the obstacles that apply to marine pollution, and taking into account specific international documents and well-known cases, In particular, the draft articles on the Prevention of Transboundary harm from Hazardous activities, prepared by the International Law Commission on the topic "International liability for injurious consequences arising out of acts not prohibited by international law" (referred to as the draft prevention), Draft principles on the allocation of loss in cases of Transboundary harm arising out of Hazardous activities (abbreviated as the principles of allocation) and reports of the thematic sessions, records of work, There is a comprehensive and clear understanding of the application of international liability for damage in transboundary marine pollution accidents caused by such non-prohibited acts under international law, and some constructive suggestions are put forward in order to perfect the practical applicability of this liability regime at the present stage. At the same time, the future of the liability regime is prospected, that is, the establishment of a complete international liability regime with the state as the main body to ensure the effectiveness and adequacy of international liability for transboundary marine pollution.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：上海社會科學(xué)院
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號】：D996.9
本文編號：2367203
[Abstract]:The implementation of highly dangerous activities which are not prohibited by international law is becoming more and more regular, which causes frequent accidents of transboundary marine pollution, which will cause incalculable damage to the marine economic interests and ecological environment of a country. Such losses sometimes go beyond the immediate harm's burden and result in the aggrieved party being unable to obtain adequate and effective compensation. This paper attempts to introduce international liability for injurious consequences arising out of acts not prohibited by international law (international liability for damage) in dealing with transboundary marine pollution events to solve this kind of dilemma. Making an in-depth discussion and assessment of the disputes, shortcomings and developments of this regime of international liability for damage, as well as the obstacles that apply to marine pollution, and taking into account specific international documents and well-known cases, In particular, the draft articles on the Prevention of Transboundary harm from Hazardous activities, prepared by the International Law Commission on the topic "International liability for injurious consequences arising out of acts not prohibited by international law" (referred to as the draft prevention), Draft principles on the allocation of loss in cases of Transboundary harm arising out of Hazardous activities (abbreviated as the principles of allocation) and reports of the thematic sessions, records of work, There is a comprehensive and clear understanding of the application of international liability for damage in transboundary marine pollution accidents caused by such non-prohibited acts under international law, and some constructive suggestions are put forward in order to perfect the practical applicability of this liability regime at the present stage. At the same time, the future of the liability regime is prospected, that is, the establishment of a complete international liability regime with the state as the main body to ensure the effectiveness and adequacy of international liability for transboundary marine pollution.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：上海社會科學(xué)院
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號】：D996.9
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，本文編號：2367203
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