我國核事故應(yīng)急法律問題研究
發(fā)布時間：2018-11-22 15:45
【摘要】：近年來世界各國大力開發(fā)利用民用核能,形成了新一輪核電發(fā)展熱潮。但是歷史的發(fā)展也證實,核能的開發(fā)利用也存在極大的風險,最典型的就是核事故的發(fā)生。做好核事故應(yīng)急工作可以控制和減輕可能發(fā)生的核事故的輻射后果,降低對環(huán)境的損害和對人類健康的傷害。本文前半部分通過對核事故應(yīng)急國際立法的深入研究,指出相關(guān)國際條約存在著法律制度不夠健全,規(guī)定過于原則化,國際應(yīng)急救援規(guī)定存在局限性等問題,同時也總結(jié)出國際立法對我國的啟示。論文后半部分運用對比分析的方法,評析我國與部分核電國家的立法現(xiàn)狀,指出我國國內(nèi)現(xiàn)有法律法規(guī)存在如原子能基本法缺失,現(xiàn)行法律法規(guī)效力較低且相關(guān)法制制度不夠完善,管理體制不夠協(xié)調(diào),法律機制不夠健全等問題。最終在充分借鑒國外部分核電國家的立法經(jīng)驗的基礎(chǔ)上,結(jié)合國際大背景和我國國情提出相應(yīng)的法律對策和建議,主要包括：我國應(yīng)該積極參與國際原子能機構(gòu)的立法活動,全面研究國際法律制度的完善；加快制定原子能基本法,構(gòu)建和完善相關(guān)法律制度,完善核應(yīng)急監(jiān)管體制,健全核防范法律機制等。
[Abstract]:In recent years, countries all over the world vigorously develop and utilize civil nuclear energy, forming a new round of nuclear power development upsurge. However, the development of history also confirms that there are great risks in the development and utilization of nuclear energy, the most typical of which is the occurrence of nuclear accidents. Doing a good job of nuclear accident emergency can control and reduce the radiation consequences of possible nuclear accident and reduce the damage to the environment and human health. In the first half of this paper, through the in-depth study of the international legislation on emergency response to nuclear accidents, it is pointed out that the relevant international treaties have some problems, such as the legal system is not perfect enough, the provisions are too principled, the international emergency rescue provisions are limited, and so on. At the same time, it also summarizes the enlightenment of international legislation to our country. In the second half of this paper, by means of comparative analysis, the legislative status of China and some nuclear power countries is analyzed, and it is pointed out that the existing laws and regulations of our country are absent, such as the basic Law of Atomic Energy. The current laws and regulations are weak, the related legal system is not perfect, the management system is not coordinated, the legal mechanism is not perfect enough, and so on. Finally, on the basis of drawing full lessons from the legislative experience of some foreign nuclear power countries and combining with the international background and the national conditions of our country, the corresponding legal countermeasures and suggestions are put forward, which mainly include: China should actively participate in the legislative activities of the International Atomic Energy Agency. To study the perfection of international legal system; We will speed up the formulation of the basic Law on Atomic Energy, establish and improve the relevant legal system, improve the regulatory system for nuclear emergencies, and improve the legal mechanism for nuclear prevention.
【學位授予單位】：華北電力大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2012
【分類號】：D999.2;D922.1
本文編號：2349791
[Abstract]:In recent years, countries all over the world vigorously develop and utilize civil nuclear energy, forming a new round of nuclear power development upsurge. However, the development of history also confirms that there are great risks in the development and utilization of nuclear energy, the most typical of which is the occurrence of nuclear accidents. Doing a good job of nuclear accident emergency can control and reduce the radiation consequences of possible nuclear accident and reduce the damage to the environment and human health. In the first half of this paper, through the in-depth study of the international legislation on emergency response to nuclear accidents, it is pointed out that the relevant international treaties have some problems, such as the legal system is not perfect enough, the provisions are too principled, the international emergency rescue provisions are limited, and so on. At the same time, it also summarizes the enlightenment of international legislation to our country. In the second half of this paper, by means of comparative analysis, the legislative status of China and some nuclear power countries is analyzed, and it is pointed out that the existing laws and regulations of our country are absent, such as the basic Law of Atomic Energy. The current laws and regulations are weak, the related legal system is not perfect, the management system is not coordinated, the legal mechanism is not perfect enough, and so on. Finally, on the basis of drawing full lessons from the legislative experience of some foreign nuclear power countries and combining with the international background and the national conditions of our country, the corresponding legal countermeasures and suggestions are put forward, which mainly include: China should actively participate in the legislative activities of the International Atomic Energy Agency. To study the perfection of international legal system; We will speed up the formulation of the basic Law on Atomic Energy, establish and improve the relevant legal system, improve the regulatory system for nuclear emergencies, and improve the legal mechanism for nuclear prevention.
【學位授予單位】：華北電力大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2012
【分類號】：D999.2;D922.1
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