【摘要】：無論是在近來的國(guó)際法實(shí)踐還是理論研究中，軟法都是引人注目的現(xiàn)象。國(guó)際法中的軟法是不具有法律約束力但又能產(chǎn)生一定法律效果的行為規(guī)則。相對(duì)硬法而言，軟法在制定主體、締約程序和實(shí)施機(jī)制上更具有靈活性和自由度。軟法本身是一種協(xié)議，“誠(chéng)實(shí)信用”和“禁止反言”這些履行協(xié)議的基本原則同樣適用于軟法。軟法之所以能夠產(chǎn)生實(shí)際法律效果，是因?yàn)樗碇S護(hù)人類共同利益的訴求。軟法可以通過內(nèi)部監(jiān)督、價(jià)值指引或者輿論壓力等方式產(chǎn)生非法律性的約束力。軟法在處理涉及人類利益、具有高度共識(shí)又復(fù)雜敏感問題上的優(yōu)越性使它與南極生物勘探這一主題發(fā)生了關(guān)聯(lián)。南極生物勘探與南極資源權(quán)屬爭(zhēng)議、生物多樣性、環(huán)境保護(hù)、知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)等問題交織，具有特殊性和復(fù)雜性。面對(duì)層出不窮的新問題，南極條約體系公約加議定書的硬法體系受到挑戰(zhàn)。南極條約協(xié)商會(huì)議主動(dòng)創(chuàng)制決議形式的軟法，既延續(xù)現(xiàn)有法律的精神又引入新的議題，并依靠協(xié)商會(huì)議共識(shí)推動(dòng)了南極生物勘探國(guó)際法治理的進(jìn)程。南極條約協(xié)商會(huì)議的軟法實(shí)踐表明，軟法有助于確立人類共同利益至上的價(jià)值信念，擴(kuò)大了南極生物勘探立法的參與主體。軟法能夠彌合現(xiàn)有法律制度的分歧，推進(jìn)立法進(jìn)程，有助于緩和主權(quán)國(guó)家間的利益沖突，促進(jìn)國(guó)際合作。軟法在南極生物勘探國(guó)際法治理中有著積極作用。
[Abstract]:Both in recent international law practice and theoretical research, soft law is a noticeable phenomenon. Soft law in international law is a kind of behavior rule which is not legally binding but can produce certain legal effect. Compared with hard law, soft law has more flexibility and freedom in making subject, contracting procedure and implementing mechanism. Soft law itself is a kind of agreement, and the basic principles of "good faith" and "estoppel" are also applicable to soft law. The reason why soft law can produce practical legal effect is that it represents the demand of safeguarding the common interests of mankind. Soft law can produce non-legal binding force through internal supervision, value guidance or public opinion pressure. The superiority of soft law in dealing with human interests, high consensus and complex and sensitive issues makes it related to the subject of Antarctic bioprospecting. Antarctic bioprospecting and Antarctic resource ownership disputes, biodiversity, environmental protection, intellectual property rights and other issues intertwined, with particularity and complexity. In the face of emerging new problems, the Antarctic Treaty system Convention plus Protocol hard law system is challenged. The initiative of the Antarctic Treaty Consultative meeting to create the soft law in the form of resolution not only extends the spirit of the existing laws but also introduces new topics and relies on the consensus of the Consultative Conference to promote the process of governing the international law of Antarctic bioprospecting. The practice of soft law in Antarctic Treaty Consultative Conference shows that soft law is helpful to establish the value belief that the common interests of mankind are supreme and expands the participation subject of Antarctic bioprospecting legislation. Soft law can bridge the existing legal system, promote the legislative process, help to ease the conflict of interest between sovereign states, and promote international cooperation. Soft law plays an active role in the governance of Antarctic bioprospecting international law.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國(guó)海洋大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號(hào)】：D99

【相似文獻(xiàn)】

相關(guān)期刊論文 前10條

1 張淑瑛;;從軟法治理視野看我國(guó)參政黨民主監(jiān)督[J];廣西社會(huì)主義學(xué)院學(xué)報(bào);2010年06期

2 周林彬;何朝丹;;試論“超越法律”的企業(yè)社會(huì)責(zé)任[J];現(xiàn)代法學(xué);2008年02期

3 樓淑瑜;;環(huán)境保護(hù)中的軟法治理[J];河北理工大學(xué)學(xué)報(bào)(社會(huì)科學(xué)版);2008年03期

4 劉小冰;陳盛;宋伶俐;;中國(guó)法政策的現(xiàn)實(shí)觀照[J];唯實(shí);2008年Z1期

5 張文舉;;軟法視角下民主黨派民主監(jiān)督[J];江蘇省社會(huì)主義學(xué)院學(xué)報(bào);2009年05期

6 姚邁新;;軟法之于公共治理的作用機(jī)制探析[J];探求;2009年05期

7 張燕;龐標(biāo)丹;;軟法視角下農(nóng)村民間借貸法律機(jī)制的研究[J];廣西政法管理干部學(xué)院學(xué)報(bào);2010年03期

8 姚來燕;;行政執(zhí)法中的軟法問題探析[J];法治研究;2010年12期

9 王歡;盧護(hù)鋒;;非強(qiáng)制行政行為概念的功能分析——基于行政行為分類視角的考察[J];長(zhǎng)白學(xué)刊;2011年01期

10 周興生;話說軟硬法[J];w，

本文編號(hào)：2340932