【摘要】：當(dāng)今社會(huì),能源短缺問題成為人類面對(duì)的難題。核能,作為傳統(tǒng)能源的替代品,在現(xiàn)代社會(huì)的能源結(jié)構(gòu)中占有重要的位置。與傳統(tǒng)能源相比,核能具有清潔、高效、經(jīng)濟(jì)等特點(diǎn)。在利用核能的過程中,如何保證核能安全利用是我們需要考慮的問題。 本篇文章主要分為五部分。 第一部分簡(jiǎn)單介紹了核能安全利用的概念,并解釋了本篇文章所探討的“核能安全利用”這一概念。除此之外,這一部分還介紹了目前世界各國(guó)核能利用的情況和歷史上三次重大的核事故。 第二部分闡述了核能安全利用國(guó)際法律制度的現(xiàn)狀。主要的國(guó)際法律制度包括關(guān)于放射性物質(zhì)管理的國(guó)際法律制度,如《核安全公約》和《乏燃料管理安全和放射性廢料管理安全聯(lián)合公約》,關(guān)于核事故的國(guó)際法律制度,如《及早通報(bào)核事故公約》和《核事故或輻射緊急情況救援公約》,國(guó)際原子能機(jī)構(gòu)本身和其制定的安全標(biāo)準(zhǔn)也是核能安全利用國(guó)際法律體系中的重要組成部分。除此之外,還包括其他關(guān)于核能安全利用的國(guó)際法律公約。 第三部分分析了核能安全利用國(guó)際法律制度的不足。這一部分分別從法律規(guī)定不完備、法律文件強(qiáng)制性弱、形式意義的審查導(dǎo)致監(jiān)督力度差和國(guó)際原子能機(jī)構(gòu)的不足這些角度來(lái)分析。 第四部分提出了核能安全利用國(guó)際法律制度的完善方法。我們可以通過健全國(guó)際法律體系、增強(qiáng)國(guó)際原子能機(jī)構(gòu)的作用、健全國(guó)際間的合作機(jī)制和實(shí)現(xiàn)公約在國(guó)內(nèi)法上的有效滲入這些方式來(lái)完善現(xiàn)有的國(guó)際法律制度,從而更好地實(shí)現(xiàn)核能的安全利用。 第五部分探討了中國(guó)核能安全利用的法律問題。這一部分提出了中國(guó)核能安全利用方面法律制度的不足之處和改進(jìn)的方式,這對(duì)健全中國(guó)核能安全利用的法律制度是十分重要的,也能夠保證今后中國(guó)核能事業(yè)朝著良好的方向發(fā)展,對(duì)建設(shè)安全的核環(huán)境有著重要的意義。
[Abstract]:Nowadays, the problem of energy shortage has become a difficult problem for mankind. Nuclear energy, as a substitute for traditional energy, plays an important role in the energy structure of modern society. Compared with traditional energy, nuclear energy has the characteristics of cleanliness, efficiency, economy and so on. In the process of using nuclear energy, how to ensure the safe use of nuclear energy is a problem we need to consider. This article is divided into five parts. The first part briefly introduces the concept of safe use of nuclear energy and explains the concept of "safe use of nuclear energy" discussed in this paper. In addition, this part also introduces the current situation of nuclear energy utilization and three major nuclear accidents in the history of the world. The second part expounds the current situation of the international legal system for the safe use of nuclear energy. Major international legal regimes include international legal regimes on the management of radioactive materials, such as the Convention on Nuclear Safety and the Joint Convention on the Safety of spent fuel Management and on the Safety of radioactive waste Management, and the international legal regime on nuclear accidents, For example, the Convention on early Notification of a Nuclear accident and the Convention on the Rescue of a Nuclear accident or Radiological Emergency, the International Atomic Energy Agency itself and its safety standards are also an important part of the international legal system for the safe use of nuclear energy. In addition, it also includes other international legal conventions on the safe use of nuclear energy. The third part analyzes the deficiency of the international legal system of the safe use of nuclear energy. This part is analyzed from the angles of incomplete legal provisions, weak mandatory legal documents, poor supervision and insufficient supervision by the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) as a result of the examination of formal meaning. The fourth part puts forward the perfect method of the international legal system of the safe use of nuclear energy. We can improve the existing international legal system by improving the international legal system, strengthening the role of the International Atomic Energy Agency, improving the mechanisms of international cooperation and achieving the effective infiltration of the Convention into domestic law, In order to better achieve the safe use of nuclear energy. The fifth part discusses the legal problems of the safe use of nuclear energy in China. This part points out the deficiencies and ways to improve the legal system for the safe use of nuclear energy in China, which is very important to the improvement of the legal system for the safe use of nuclear energy in China. It can also ensure that China's nuclear energy industry will develop in a good direction in the future, which is of great significance to the construction of a safe nuclear environment.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：遼寧大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號(hào)】：D999.2

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