【摘要】：由于世界各國(guó)都在開始關(guān)注氣候變化問題,因此,各國(guó)都在極力推行CO2等溫室氣體的節(jié)能減排措施。最初,人們所關(guān)注的環(huán)境問題,只限于一國(guó)自己的內(nèi)部問題,并沒有超越國(guó)界。歐盟與美國(guó)等發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家的國(guó)內(nèi)立法中都有有關(guān)于氣候變化條款。因此,一國(guó)的國(guó)內(nèi)法是環(huán)境保護(hù)法的淵源之一。但是,氣候變化屬于全球性環(huán)境問題,所以并不像傳統(tǒng)的環(huán)境問題。所以本文認(rèn)為,國(guó)際法應(yīng)當(dāng)在世界氣候變化的減緩中扮演重要角色。 在歷經(jīng)多次國(guó)際氣候變化會(huì)議之后,發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家把碳關(guān)稅作為減緩氣候惡化的重要手段,并在其氣候變化的國(guó)內(nèi)立法中制定碳關(guān)稅條款,而且還表明了自己的立場(chǎng)。但是,根據(jù)國(guó)際氣候變化相關(guān)協(xié)議的規(guī)定,碳減排責(zé)任只由發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家來承擔(dān),與發(fā)展中國(guó)家無關(guān)。因此,一些發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家在其國(guó)內(nèi)氣候立法中具體規(guī)定了碳關(guān)稅條款,以此米壓迫友展中國(guó)家與其實(shí)施同標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的碳減排義務(wù),這無疑是給友展中國(guó)家?guī)砹司薮筇魬?zhàn)和危機(jī)。 歐美等發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家提出碳關(guān)稅的目的,主要是針對(duì)中國(guó)的節(jié)能減排。但是,中國(guó)是個(gè)負(fù)責(zé)任的大國(guó),中國(guó)在應(yīng)對(duì)全球氣候變化、減少溫室氣體排放量上,已經(jīng)做出了許多努力。 本文首先闡述了碳關(guān)稅產(chǎn)生的背景及碳關(guān)稅法律制度的基本理論,并在基本理論的基礎(chǔ)之上詳細(xì)分析了歐美等發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家征收碳關(guān)稅的目的及其可能性。其次,對(duì)歐盟和美國(guó)的碳關(guān)稅法律制度進(jìn)行簡(jiǎn)要的分析并進(jìn)行比較,站在歐美國(guó)家的角度來看碳關(guān)稅,他們是積極推行碳關(guān)稅條款倡導(dǎo)者。再次,通過以上的論述分析,本文提出應(yīng)當(dāng)構(gòu)建一個(gè)國(guó)際層面的碳關(guān)稅法律制度,構(gòu)建國(guó)際層面的碳關(guān)稅法律制度,又必須堅(jiān)持“共同但有區(qū)別的責(zé)任”、“特殊與差別待遇”及“比例原則”等基本原則,并對(duì)國(guó)際碳關(guān)稅法律制度構(gòu)建的實(shí)體規(guī)則進(jìn)行構(gòu)想。最后,本文又從國(guó)際、國(guó)內(nèi)層面上,中國(guó)應(yīng)當(dāng)如何應(yīng)對(duì)碳關(guān)稅法律制度提出了建議。仕國(guó)際上,我國(guó)應(yīng)當(dāng)積極開展“環(huán)境外交”,積極參與國(guó)際碳排放標(biāo)準(zhǔn)制定；在國(guó)內(nèi)層面上,中國(guó)應(yīng)當(dāng)立法支持技術(shù)革新,加快國(guó)內(nèi)經(jīng)濟(jì)結(jié)構(gòu)升級(jí),發(fā)展低碳環(huán)保經(jīng)濟(jì),降低碳輕度,消除被征收碳關(guān)稅理由。
[Abstract]:Because the world is beginning to pay attention to the issue of climate change, therefore, all countries are vigorously promoting CO2 and other greenhouse gas energy conservation and emission reduction measures. Initially, concerns about the environment were limited to a country's own internal problems, and did not transcend national boundaries. The European Union and the United States and other developed countries have provisions on climate change in their domestic legislation. Therefore, the domestic law of a country is one of the sources of environmental protection law. However, climate change is a global environmental problem, so it is not like traditional environmental problems. Therefore, international law should play an important role in the mitigation of world climate change. After many international climate change conferences, developed countries regard carbon tariffs as an important means to slow climate deterioration, and make carbon tariff provisions in their domestic climate change legislation, and also make their own stand. However, under international climate change-related agreements, the responsibility for reducing carbon emissions rests only with developed countries, not with developing countries. Therefore, some developed countries have specified the carbon tariff provisions in their domestic climate legislation, so as to oppress the countries in the exhibition to implement the same standard carbon emission reduction obligations, which undoubtedly brings great challenges and crises to the countries in the exhibition. Europe and the United States and other developed countries put forward carbon tariffs, mainly aimed at China's energy-saving and emission reduction. But China is a responsible power, and it has done a lot to tackle global climate change and reduce greenhouse gas emissions. In this paper, the background of carbon tariff and the basic theory of carbon tariff legal system are expounded, and the purpose and possibility of carbon tariff collection in developed countries such as Europe and America are analyzed in detail on the basis of basic theory. Secondly, the European Union and the United States of America carbon tariff legal system of a brief analysis and comparison, from the point of view of Europe and the United States carbon tariffs, they are actively promote carbon tariff provisions. Thirdly, through the above discussion and analysis, this paper puts forward that we should construct a carbon tariff legal system at the international level and a carbon tariff legal system at the international level, and we must adhere to the "common but differentiated responsibilities". The basic principles of "special and differential treatment" and "proportionality principle", and the substantive rules of international carbon tariff legal system are conceived. Finally, this paper puts forward some suggestions on how to deal with the carbon tariff law system at the international and domestic level. Internationally, China should actively carry out "environmental diplomacy" and take an active part in the establishment of international carbon emission standards. At the domestic level, China should legislate to support technological innovation, accelerate the upgrading of domestic economic structure, develop a low-carbon environment-friendly economy, reduce carbon mildly, and eliminate the reasons for carbon tariffs imposed.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：遼寧大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號(hào)】：D996.9

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