論國際投資條約仲裁的性質(zhì)
發(fā)布時(shí)間:2018-11-06 13:18
【摘要】:在各領(lǐng)域的國際交往日益頻繁的今天,全球的治理和國內(nèi)的治理雖然在政治上和運(yùn)作上保持著分離,但是,在許多規(guī)制和行政事項(xiàng)中兩個(gè)領(lǐng)域已經(jīng)緊密地交織在一起,私法可能引起很多與公法相關(guān)的糾紛,國際公法也在影響國家規(guī)制,其相互滲透與影響無論對國內(nèi)治理主體還是全球治理主體的規(guī)范決策與運(yùn)行都提出了越來越高的要求。國內(nèi)規(guī)制者已經(jīng)是作為全球機(jī)制的參與者而非單純的國內(nèi)規(guī)制者,與此同時(shí),國際規(guī)制者在有些場合享有一定的獨(dú)立性和裁量權(quán),但現(xiàn)在也要受很多因素的制約了。 國際投資仲裁庭用一種新的權(quán)力來復(fù)審和規(guī)范國家在涉及國際投資中的行為,保護(hù)投資者利益不受東道國國家行為的損害。近年來,國際投資條約仲裁的案件在逐年增多的同時(shí)暴露出越來越多的“正當(dāng)性危機(jī)”,例如:仲裁裁決之間的不一致、公共利益照顧不周、過度保護(hù)投資者利益、對東道國主權(quán)構(gòu)成干擾等。有關(guān)人士也提出了完善建議,例如建立投資條約仲裁上訴機(jī)制,引導(dǎo)和限制仲裁庭的解釋權(quán),引入“法庭之友”、提高裁判的透明度等建議。在這種情況下,這種機(jī)制怎么才能發(fā)揮一個(gè)恰到好處的作用為國際投資的發(fā)展提供法律幫助?這種權(quán)力的來源在哪?效力如何?該如何正確行使這一裁判權(quán)?這都取決于一個(gè)問題,國際投資條約仲裁的性質(zhì)是什么?與其他的裁判有何不同?因?yàn)樾再|(zhì)問題是解決“正當(dāng)性危機(jī)”問題的出發(fā)點(diǎn)和根本,所以本文試圖研究國際投資條約仲裁的定性問題,為完善這一機(jī)制提供理論上的指導(dǎo),避免“正當(dāng)性危機(jī)”的頻頻出現(xiàn)和蔓延。關(guān)于國際投資條約仲裁性質(zhì)的現(xiàn)有學(xué)說有商事仲裁理論、國內(nèi)公法理論和全球治理理論,本文使用比較的方法對現(xiàn)有理論進(jìn)行論述,揭示其不同程度的不足之處并逐步論證國際投資條約仲裁是一種公法裁判、行政法裁判、全球行政法裁判。 文章從國際投資條約仲裁的概念和現(xiàn)狀入手,論述在當(dāng)前的狀況下,研究國際投資條約仲裁性質(zhì)對于完善國際投資條約仲裁機(jī)制有著重要的意義。關(guān)于國際投資條約仲裁性質(zhì)的現(xiàn)有理論,本文通過比較國際商事仲裁與國際投資條約仲裁的不同點(diǎn),分析指出商事仲裁理論的不足之處并對國內(nèi)公法理論和全球治理理論進(jìn)行闡述和評價(jià),指出其定性方面的不妥。文章根據(jù)國際投資條約仲裁的特點(diǎn)、公私法劃分逐步論證國際投資條約仲裁的性質(zhì)首先是公法裁判;在公法裁判之下,又根據(jù)行政法的含義、國際投資條約仲裁的裁判對象和公共利益的含義得出國際投資條約仲裁的性質(zhì)是行政法裁判的結(jié)論;依據(jù)國際投資條約仲裁的裁判依據(jù)、仲裁員和裁判標(biāo)準(zhǔn)進(jìn)一步得出國際投資條約仲裁屬于全球行政法裁判的結(jié)論,并指出在理論上的合理性和實(shí)踐中解決現(xiàn)存問題的有效性。總而言之,國際投資條約仲裁的性質(zhì)是全球行政法裁判。 性質(zhì)研究的目的是為了解決現(xiàn)存問題,為了完善國際投資條約仲裁機(jī)制。所以從全球行政法裁判的定性下可以提出完善當(dāng)前國際投資條約仲裁的具體措施,以期為緩解現(xiàn)存的“正當(dāng)性危機(jī)”拋磚引玉。本文主要集中在公開性和一致性兩方面。公開性方面,建立信息查詢系統(tǒng)和公共利益代表的參與機(jī)制;一致性方面,建立長期任職的仲裁員管理制度和統(tǒng)一的解釋標(biāo)準(zhǔn)以及上訴機(jī)制。
[Abstract]:Today, global governance and domestic governance, while maintaining separation politically and in operation, have been closely intertwined in many regulatory and administrative matters, The private law may cause a lot of disputes related to public law, and public international law also influences the regulation of the state, and the mutual penetration and influence of the private law put forward more and more demands on both the domestic governance subject and the standard decision-making and operation of the global governance body. The domestic regulator has been a participant of the global mechanism rather than a simple domestic regulator. At the same time, the international regulator has certain independence and discretion in some cases, but it is subject to many factors. The International Investment Tribunal used a new power to review and regulate the conduct of the State in relation to international investment and to protect the interests of investors from the conduct of the host country Damage. In recent years, the case of international investment treaty arbitration has exposed more and more 鈥渓egitimacy crisis鈥,
本文編號(hào):2314389
[Abstract]:Today, global governance and domestic governance, while maintaining separation politically and in operation, have been closely intertwined in many regulatory and administrative matters, The private law may cause a lot of disputes related to public law, and public international law also influences the regulation of the state, and the mutual penetration and influence of the private law put forward more and more demands on both the domestic governance subject and the standard decision-making and operation of the global governance body. The domestic regulator has been a participant of the global mechanism rather than a simple domestic regulator. At the same time, the international regulator has certain independence and discretion in some cases, but it is subject to many factors. The International Investment Tribunal used a new power to review and regulate the conduct of the State in relation to international investment and to protect the interests of investors from the conduct of the host country Damage. In recent years, the case of international investment treaty arbitration has exposed more and more 鈥渓egitimacy crisis鈥,
本文編號(hào):2314389
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