可再生能源政策與WTO補(bǔ)貼制度的相符性分析——以加拿大可再生能源案為中心的考察
發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-11-03 19:32
【摘要】：盡管可再生能源發(fā)電產(chǎn)業(yè)政策的合理性被廣泛認(rèn)可,但這類政策與WTO《補(bǔ)貼與反補(bǔ)貼措施協(xié)定》的相符性問(wèn)題并不甚明確。加拿大可再生能源案第一次將這一問(wèn)題帶到WTO上訴機(jī)構(gòu)面前。雖然補(bǔ)貼與反補(bǔ)貼自身缺乏對(duì)補(bǔ)貼合理性予以認(rèn)可的文本基礎(chǔ),但是上訴機(jī)構(gòu)創(chuàng)造性地解讀了補(bǔ)貼認(rèn)定中的"利益"要件,認(rèn)為政府通過(guò)"混合能源供給"政策為風(fēng)能和太陽(yáng)能電力創(chuàng)設(shè)一個(gè)新的市場(chǎng)本身并不構(gòu)成補(bǔ)貼。這一解讀認(rèn)可了電網(wǎng)回購(gòu)計(jì)劃這類可再生能源發(fā)電政策的合理性,并會(huì)促進(jìn)這一產(chǎn)業(yè)的發(fā)展,但是,上訴機(jī)構(gòu)對(duì)于《補(bǔ)貼與反補(bǔ)貼措施協(xié)定》中"利益"要件的解讀與協(xié)定的整體結(jié)構(gòu)和內(nèi)在邏輯相悖離。當(dāng)WTO爭(zhēng)端解決機(jī)制不斷面臨新問(wèn)題和新發(fā)展的挑戰(zhàn),而多邊貿(mào)易談判機(jī)制裹足不前無(wú)法提供新的規(guī)則供給時(shí),上訴機(jī)構(gòu)的司法創(chuàng)造需要更具法律理性的推理予以支持。
[Abstract]:Although the rationality of the renewable energy generation industry policy is widely accepted, the compatibility of such policies with the WTO Agreement on subsidies and countervailing measures is not very clear. The Canadian Renewable Energy case brought the issue before the WTO Appellate body for the first time. Although the subsidy and countervailing itself lack the textual basis to approve the rationality of the subsidy, the appellate body creatively interprets the "benefit" element in the subsidy confirmation. The idea that creating a new market for wind and solar power through the government's "mixed energy supply" policy does not in itself constitute a subsidy. This interpretation recognizes the rationality of renewable energy generation policies such as grid buy-back schemes and will boost the industry, but, The interpretation of the "benefit" in the Agreement on subsidies and countervailing measures by the Appellate body contradicts the overall structure and internal logic of the Agreement. When the WTO dispute settlement mechanism is confronted with new problems and new challenges, and the multilateral trade negotiation mechanism is unable to provide new rules, the judicial creation of the appellate body needs to be supported by more rational reasoning.
【作者單位】： 清華大學(xué)法學(xué)院;
【分類號(hào)】：D996.1
[Abstract]:Although the rationality of the renewable energy generation industry policy is widely accepted, the compatibility of such policies with the WTO Agreement on subsidies and countervailing measures is not very clear. The Canadian Renewable Energy case brought the issue before the WTO Appellate body for the first time. Although the subsidy and countervailing itself lack the textual basis to approve the rationality of the subsidy, the appellate body creatively interprets the "benefit" element in the subsidy confirmation. The idea that creating a new market for wind and solar power through the government's "mixed energy supply" policy does not in itself constitute a subsidy. This interpretation recognizes the rationality of renewable energy generation policies such as grid buy-back schemes and will boost the industry, but, The interpretation of the "benefit" in the Agreement on subsidies and countervailing measures by the Appellate body contradicts the overall structure and internal logic of the Agreement. When the WTO dispute settlement mechanism is confronted with new problems and new challenges, and the multilateral trade negotiation mechanism is unable to provide new rules, the judicial creation of the appellate body needs to be supported by more rational reasoning.
【作者單位】： 清華大學(xué)法學(xué)院;
【分類號(hào)】：D996.1
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