技術(shù)性貿(mào)易壁壘的法律規(guī)制及中國的應(yīng)對
發(fā)布時間：2018-10-17 08:21
【摘要】：隨著全球經(jīng)濟一體化和貿(mào)易自由化的發(fā)展,傳統(tǒng)的關(guān)稅和非關(guān)稅壁壘的藩籬在不斷拆除,同時以技術(shù)性貿(mào)易壁壘為主要表現(xiàn)形式的新型非關(guān)稅壁壘在不斷發(fā)展。技術(shù)性貿(mào)易壁壘是指一國或一個區(qū)域組織以維護國家或區(qū)域安全、保障人民健康、保護動植物安全、保護生態(tài)環(huán)境、防止欺詐行為、保證商品質(zhì)量等為目的,有意識地利用復(fù)雜苛刻的技術(shù)法規(guī)、標(biāo)準(zhǔn)、合格評定程序等措施對來自國外的產(chǎn)品和服務(wù)加以限制的新型非關(guān)稅壁壘措施。技術(shù)性貿(mào)易壁壘對一國的外貿(mào)影響巨大,是許多國家都遇到過的最復(fù)雜、最隱蔽、最難對付的貿(mào)易壁壘方式。近年來,我國的對外貿(mào)易也面臨著重重的壁壘難以跨越,使許多出口企業(yè)舉步維艱。因此,對于技術(shù)性貿(mào)易壁壘,深入研究其內(nèi)涵和特點,了解其最新發(fā)展趨勢,認真學(xué)習(xí)和掌握WTO《技術(shù)性貿(mào)易壁壘協(xié)議》作為國際條約對技術(shù)性貿(mào)易壁壘的約束力,并在此基礎(chǔ)上思考如何完善我國的技術(shù)性貿(mào)易措施法律體系,積極應(yīng)對技術(shù)性貿(mào)易壁壘,具有深刻的現(xiàn)實和理論意義。 本文從辨析技術(shù)性貿(mào)易措施和技術(shù)性貿(mào)易壁壘的含義區(qū)別入手,討論了如何界定技術(shù)性貿(mào)易壁壘,技術(shù)性貿(mào)易壁壘的表現(xiàn)形式和發(fā)展趨勢是什么等問題。在對技術(shù)性貿(mào)易壁壘進行初步研究的基礎(chǔ)上,結(jié)合WTO近年來受理的有關(guān)爭端和案例,對《TBT協(xié)議》中對技術(shù)性貿(mào)易壁壘行為的法律規(guī)定進行了分析,根據(jù)當(dāng)前各國技術(shù)性貿(mào)易壁壘的行為,評析了《TBT協(xié)議》對技術(shù)性貿(mào)易壁壘行為約束的有限性。鑒于我國遭遇技術(shù)性貿(mào)易壁壘的情況,本文引入了我國入世以來遭遇的幾個典型的技術(shù)性貿(mào)易壁壘的案例,概括分析了我國成為技術(shù)性貿(mào)易壁壘受害國的原因,并從充分利用《TBT協(xié)議》有關(guān)規(guī)則、建立技術(shù)性貿(mào)易措施預(yù)警機制、發(fā)揮行業(yè)協(xié)會的作用等多方面提出了我國應(yīng)對技術(shù)性貿(mào)易壁壘的策略,并提出了完善我國技術(shù)性貿(mào)易措施法律體系的建議。
[Abstract]:With the development of global economic integration and trade liberalization, the barriers of traditional tariff and non-tariff barriers are constantly removed, while the new non-tariff barriers, which are mainly represented by technical barriers to trade, are constantly developing. TBT means that a country or a regional organization aims at safeguarding national or regional security, safeguarding people's health, protecting animal and plant safety, protecting the ecological environment, preventing fraud and ensuring the quality of commodities, etc. A new type of non-tariff barrier (NTB) that consciously uses complex and harsh technical regulations, standards, conformity assessment procedures, and other measures to restrict products and services from abroad. Technical barriers to trade (TBT) have a great impact on a country's foreign trade, which is the most complicated, hidden and difficult way that many countries have ever encountered. In recent years, China's foreign trade is also faced with numerous barriers, making many export enterprises difficult. Therefore, with regard to TBT, we should deeply study its connotation and characteristics, understand its latest development trend, and conscientiously study and master the binding force of TBT as an international treaty. On this basis, it is of profound practical and theoretical significance to consider how to perfect the legal system of technical trade measures in our country and actively deal with technical barriers to trade. Based on the analysis of the difference between technical trade measures and technical barriers to trade, this paper discusses how to define technical barriers to trade, the manifestation and development trend of technical barriers to trade and so on. On the basis of preliminary research on technical barriers to trade (TBT), combined with relevant disputes and cases accepted by WTO in recent years, this paper analyzes the legal provisions of TBT in the Agreement of TBT. According to the current behavior of technical barriers to trade (TBT) in various countries, this paper analyzes the limitation of TBT Agreement on TBT behavior. In view of the fact that China has encountered technical barriers to trade, this paper introduces several typical cases of technical barriers to trade that China has encountered since its entry into the WTO, and analyzes the reasons why China has become a victim of technical barriers to trade. From the aspects of making full use of the relevant rules of "TBT Agreement", establishing the early warning mechanism of technical trade measures and giving full play to the role of trade associations, this paper puts forward the strategies to deal with the technical barriers to trade in China. Some suggestions are put forward to perfect the legal system of technical trade measures in China.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國政法大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2011
【分類號】：D922.29;D996.1
本文編號：2276071
[Abstract]:With the development of global economic integration and trade liberalization, the barriers of traditional tariff and non-tariff barriers are constantly removed, while the new non-tariff barriers, which are mainly represented by technical barriers to trade, are constantly developing. TBT means that a country or a regional organization aims at safeguarding national or regional security, safeguarding people's health, protecting animal and plant safety, protecting the ecological environment, preventing fraud and ensuring the quality of commodities, etc. A new type of non-tariff barrier (NTB) that consciously uses complex and harsh technical regulations, standards, conformity assessment procedures, and other measures to restrict products and services from abroad. Technical barriers to trade (TBT) have a great impact on a country's foreign trade, which is the most complicated, hidden and difficult way that many countries have ever encountered. In recent years, China's foreign trade is also faced with numerous barriers, making many export enterprises difficult. Therefore, with regard to TBT, we should deeply study its connotation and characteristics, understand its latest development trend, and conscientiously study and master the binding force of TBT as an international treaty. On this basis, it is of profound practical and theoretical significance to consider how to perfect the legal system of technical trade measures in our country and actively deal with technical barriers to trade. Based on the analysis of the difference between technical trade measures and technical barriers to trade, this paper discusses how to define technical barriers to trade, the manifestation and development trend of technical barriers to trade and so on. On the basis of preliminary research on technical barriers to trade (TBT), combined with relevant disputes and cases accepted by WTO in recent years, this paper analyzes the legal provisions of TBT in the Agreement of TBT. According to the current behavior of technical barriers to trade (TBT) in various countries, this paper analyzes the limitation of TBT Agreement on TBT behavior. In view of the fact that China has encountered technical barriers to trade, this paper introduces several typical cases of technical barriers to trade that China has encountered since its entry into the WTO, and analyzes the reasons why China has become a victim of technical barriers to trade. From the aspects of making full use of the relevant rules of "TBT Agreement", establishing the early warning mechanism of technical trade measures and giving full play to the role of trade associations, this paper puts forward the strategies to deal with the technical barriers to trade in China. Some suggestions are put forward to perfect the legal system of technical trade measures in China.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國政法大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2011
【分類號】：D922.29;D996.1
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