【摘要】：隨著全球經(jīng)濟(jì)一體化和貿(mào)易自由化的發(fā)展,傳統(tǒng)的關(guān)稅和非關(guān)稅壁壘的藩籬在不斷拆除,同時(shí)以技術(shù)性貿(mào)易壁壘為主要表現(xiàn)形式的新型非關(guān)稅壁壘在不斷發(fā)展。技術(shù)性貿(mào)易壁壘是指一國(guó)或一個(gè)區(qū)域組織以維護(hù)國(guó)家或區(qū)域安全、保障人民健康、保護(hù)動(dòng)植物安全、保護(hù)生態(tài)環(huán)境、防止欺詐行為、保證商品質(zhì)量等為目的,有意識(shí)地利用復(fù)雜苛刻的技術(shù)法規(guī)、標(biāo)準(zhǔn)、合格評(píng)定程序等措施對(duì)來(lái)自國(guó)外的產(chǎn)品和服務(wù)加以限制的新型非關(guān)稅壁壘措施。技術(shù)性貿(mào)易壁壘對(duì)一國(guó)的外貿(mào)影響巨大,是許多國(guó)家都遇到過(guò)的最復(fù)雜、最隱蔽、最難對(duì)付的貿(mào)易壁壘方式。近年來(lái),我國(guó)的對(duì)外貿(mào)易也面臨著重重的壁壘難以跨越,使許多出口企業(yè)舉步維艱。因此,對(duì)于技術(shù)性貿(mào)易壁壘,深入研究其內(nèi)涵和特點(diǎn),了解其最新發(fā)展趨勢(shì),認(rèn)真學(xué)習(xí)和掌握WTO《技術(shù)性貿(mào)易壁壘協(xié)議》作為國(guó)際條約對(duì)技術(shù)性貿(mào)易壁壘的約束力,并在此基礎(chǔ)上思考如何完善我國(guó)的技術(shù)性貿(mào)易措施法律體系,積極應(yīng)對(duì)技術(shù)性貿(mào)易壁壘,具有深刻的現(xiàn)實(shí)和理論意義。 本文從辨析技術(shù)性貿(mào)易措施和技術(shù)性貿(mào)易壁壘的含義區(qū)別入手,討論了如何界定技術(shù)性貿(mào)易壁壘,技術(shù)性貿(mào)易壁壘的表現(xiàn)形式和發(fā)展趨勢(shì)是什么等問(wèn)題。在對(duì)技術(shù)性貿(mào)易壁壘進(jìn)行初步研究的基礎(chǔ)上,結(jié)合WTO近年來(lái)受理的有關(guān)爭(zhēng)端和案例,對(duì)《TBT協(xié)議》中對(duì)技術(shù)性貿(mào)易壁壘行為的法律規(guī)定進(jìn)行了分析,根據(jù)當(dāng)前各國(guó)技術(shù)性貿(mào)易壁壘的行為,評(píng)析了《TBT協(xié)議》對(duì)技術(shù)性貿(mào)易壁壘行為約束的有限性。鑒于我國(guó)遭遇技術(shù)性貿(mào)易壁壘的情況,本文引入了我國(guó)入世以來(lái)遭遇的幾個(gè)典型的技術(shù)性貿(mào)易壁壘的案例,概括分析了我國(guó)成為技術(shù)性貿(mào)易壁壘受害國(guó)的原因,并從充分利用《TBT協(xié)議》有關(guān)規(guī)則、建立技術(shù)性貿(mào)易措施預(yù)警機(jī)制、發(fā)揮行業(yè)協(xié)會(huì)的作用等多方面提出了我國(guó)應(yīng)對(duì)技術(shù)性貿(mào)易壁壘的策略,并提出了完善我國(guó)技術(shù)性貿(mào)易措施法律體系的建議。
[Abstract]:With the development of global economic integration and trade liberalization, the barriers of traditional tariff and non-tariff barriers are constantly removed, while the new non-tariff barriers, which are mainly represented by technical barriers to trade, are constantly developing. TBT means that a country or a regional organization aims at safeguarding national or regional security, safeguarding people's health, protecting animal and plant safety, protecting the ecological environment, preventing fraud and ensuring the quality of commodities, etc. A new type of non-tariff barrier (NTB) that consciously uses complex and harsh technical regulations, standards, conformity assessment procedures, and other measures to restrict products and services from abroad. Technical barriers to trade (TBT) have a great impact on a country's foreign trade, which is the most complicated, hidden and difficult way that many countries have ever encountered. In recent years, China's foreign trade is also faced with numerous barriers, making many export enterprises difficult. Therefore, with regard to TBT, we should deeply study its connotation and characteristics, understand its latest development trend, and conscientiously study and master the binding force of TBT as an international treaty. On this basis, it is of profound practical and theoretical significance to consider how to perfect the legal system of technical trade measures in our country and actively deal with technical barriers to trade. Based on the analysis of the difference between technical trade measures and technical barriers to trade, this paper discusses how to define technical barriers to trade, the manifestation and development trend of technical barriers to trade and so on. On the basis of preliminary research on technical barriers to trade (TBT), combined with relevant disputes and cases accepted by WTO in recent years, this paper analyzes the legal provisions of TBT in the Agreement of TBT. According to the current behavior of technical barriers to trade (TBT) in various countries, this paper analyzes the limitation of TBT Agreement on TBT behavior. In view of the fact that China has encountered technical barriers to trade, this paper introduces several typical cases of technical barriers to trade that China has encountered since its entry into the WTO, and analyzes the reasons why China has become a victim of technical barriers to trade. From the aspects of making full use of the relevant rules of "TBT Agreement", establishing the early warning mechanism of technical trade measures and giving full play to the role of trade associations, this paper puts forward the strategies to deal with the technical barriers to trade in China. Some suggestions are put forward to perfect the legal system of technical trade measures in China.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國(guó)政法大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2011
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：D922.29;D996.1

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