我國(guó)腐敗資產(chǎn)國(guó)際民事訴訟追回路徑之構(gòu)建研究
發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-09-03 18:51
【摘要】：腐敗犯罪作為刑民交叉類(lèi)案件,不僅符合刑法關(guān)于相關(guān)罪名的犯罪構(gòu)成的規(guī)定,也符合民法關(guān)于侵權(quán)責(zé)任的規(guī)定。打擊腐敗犯罪活動(dòng)時(shí),不僅要關(guān)注刑事手段對(duì)腐敗犯罪的懲罰作用,更重要的利用民事手段補(bǔ)強(qiáng)刑事手段,做到民事刑事雙管齊下,加強(qiáng)對(duì)犯罪分子的打擊。此外,充分利用民事手段中的民事訴訟程序追回境外腐敗犯罪資產(chǎn),從資金上阻截腐敗犯罪活動(dòng)。在《聯(lián)合國(guó)反腐敗公約》構(gòu)建資產(chǎn)追回機(jī)制之前,追回外逃腐敗資產(chǎn)的重要途徑和形式是“物的引渡”,這一依靠刑事司法協(xié)助追回外逃腐敗資產(chǎn)的做法,其局限性隨著反腐敗工作的不斷深入而愈加明顯。《公約》創(chuàng)造性地將民事手段引入資產(chǎn)追回,建立了直接追回措施,并在其中規(guī)定了國(guó)際民事訴訟路徑以供各國(guó)在追回境外資產(chǎn)時(shí)選擇適用,這一設(shè)置得到了世界各國(guó)的普遍認(rèn)可。反觀(guān)我國(guó),針對(duì)腐敗資產(chǎn)追回仍停留在刑事手段,極大地限制了我國(guó)資產(chǎn)追回工作的進(jìn)展,資產(chǎn)外逃問(wèn)題嚴(yán)峻,社會(huì)財(cái)富極大流失。這一現(xiàn)況敦促我國(guó)國(guó)內(nèi)建立起相關(guān)直接追回措施,以提高資產(chǎn)追回成效。本文旨在以《公約》規(guī)定的腐敗資產(chǎn)直接追回措施項(xiàng)下的國(guó)際民事訴訟追回路徑為研究對(duì)象,結(jié)合《公約》的相關(guān)規(guī)定和我國(guó)目前立法現(xiàn)狀,對(duì)比各國(guó)有關(guān)做法,探討我國(guó)通過(guò)國(guó)際民事訴訟路徑追回腐敗資產(chǎn)的必要性和現(xiàn)實(shí)困境,以期在我國(guó)國(guó)內(nèi)建立起相關(guān)制度。本文共分為四個(gè)部分:第一部分對(duì)《公約》確立的直接追回措施的產(chǎn)生背景進(jìn)行介紹,并對(duì)《公約》所稱(chēng)“腐敗犯罪”、“腐敗資產(chǎn)”的概念進(jìn)行界定,簡(jiǎn)要梳理直接追回措施項(xiàng)下各路徑,明確《公約》就國(guó)際民事訴訟追回路徑所做的設(shè)置,為后文論述做鋪墊。第二部分目的在于討論我國(guó)建立腐敗資產(chǎn)國(guó)際民事訴訟追回路徑的必要性。通過(guò)對(duì)我國(guó)資產(chǎn)追回的立法現(xiàn)狀進(jìn)行分析,闡明我國(guó)資產(chǎn)追回立法和司法方面還停留在刑事手段層面,對(duì)我國(guó)腐敗資產(chǎn)追回工作造成的極大限制,并從國(guó)際民事訴訟適用范圍、程序設(shè)置等方面與刑事手段的適用進(jìn)行比較,對(duì)國(guó)際民事訴訟路徑在追回境外腐敗資產(chǎn)過(guò)程中的優(yōu)勢(shì)加以分析,以體現(xiàn)國(guó)際民事訴訟路徑在打擊腐敗犯罪活動(dòng)方面的積極作用,論述我國(guó)構(gòu)建該路徑的必要性。第三部分著眼于我國(guó)構(gòu)建腐敗資產(chǎn)追回國(guó)際民事訴訟路徑的過(guò)程中的現(xiàn)實(shí)困境。從訴訟主體及代表資格、訴訟程序設(shè)置、賠償主體及范圍等方面入手,借助學(xué)界對(duì)相關(guān)問(wèn)題的爭(zhēng)論,并結(jié)合外國(guó)法及有關(guān)公約的規(guī)定,對(duì)適用現(xiàn)實(shí)困境進(jìn)行分析,以期在后文論述我國(guó)國(guó)內(nèi)制度構(gòu)建中提出解決意見(jiàn)。第四部分落腳于我國(guó)國(guó)內(nèi)制度構(gòu)建,旨在構(gòu)建我國(guó)腐敗資產(chǎn)國(guó)際民事訴訟追回路徑,完善國(guó)內(nèi)相關(guān)立法。這一部分從公益訴訟的適用、國(guó)家訴訟主體資格及其代表資格的確定、以及民事證明制度、有效選擇管轄法院等方面進(jìn)行論述,從資產(chǎn)追回角度提出完善建議,以填補(bǔ)民事法律懲治腐敗的空白,提高腐敗犯罪的成本,發(fā)揮國(guó)際民事訴訟路徑懲治腐敗犯罪的功能,以便我國(guó)通過(guò)國(guó)際民事訴訟路徑追回外逃資產(chǎn),對(duì)腐敗犯罪分子予以打擊,有效遏制腐敗犯罪。
[Abstract]:Corruption crime, as a kind of criminal and civil cases, not only conforms to the criminal constitution of related charges in criminal law, but also conforms to the provisions of tort liability in civil law. In addition, we should make full use of the civil procedure in civil means to recover Foreign Corrupt criminal assets and stop corrupt criminal activities financially. The limitations of this practice, which relies on criminal judicial assistance to recover fleeing corrupt assets, become more and more obvious with the deepening of anti-corruption work. < Convention > creatively introduces civil means into asset recovery, establishes direct recovery measures, and provides international civil litigation paths for countries to choose when recovering foreign assets. However, in our country, the recovery of corrupt assets remains in criminal means, which greatly limits the progress of asset recovery in our country. The problem of asset flight is serious and social wealth is greatly lost. The purpose of this paper is to discuss the necessity and practical dilemma of recovering corrupt assets through international civil litigation path by comparing the relevant practices of various countries, taking the path of international civil litigation under the measures of direct recovery of corrupt assets stipulated in the Convention as the research object, combining with the relevant provisions of the Convention and the current legislative situation of our country. This article is divided into four parts: the first part introduces the background of the establishment of direct recovery measures under the Convention, defines the concept of "corruption crime" and "corrupt assets", briefly combs the various paths under the direct recovery measures, and clarifies the international scope of the Convention. The second part aims at discussing the necessity of establishing an international civil procedure for the recovery of corrupt assets in our country. Through the analysis of the present situation of the legislation of asset recovery in our country, it is clarified that the legislation and judicature of asset recovery in our country are still at the level of criminal means. The great limitation caused by the recovery of corrupt assets in China is analyzed and compared with the application of criminal means in terms of the scope of application of international civil litigation and procedural settings. The advantages of the international civil litigation path in the process of recovering corrupt assets abroad are analyzed in order to reflect the international civil litigation path in combating corrupt criminal activities. The third part focuses on the practical dilemma in the process of constructing the path of international civil action for the recovery of corrupt assets in our country. Starting from the aspects of litigation subject and representative qualification, litigation procedure settings, compensation subject and scope, with the help of the debates on Relevant Issues in academic circles, and combining with foreign law And the provisions of the relevant conventions, the analysis of the practical plight of the application, with a view to the latter discussion of China's domestic system to put forward solutions.The fourth part is based on the construction of China's domestic system, designed to build China's corrupt assets in international civil litigation track, improve domestic legislation.This part from the application of public interest litigation, the country. Discusses the determination of the subject qualification and representative qualification of the family litigation, the civil proof system, the effective choice of the jurisdictional court and so on, puts forward the consummation suggestion from the angle of asset recovery, in order to fill the blank of the civil law punishing corruption, raise the cost of corruption crime, exert the function of punishing corruption crime by the international civil litigation path, so as to help me. The state recovers the fleeing assets through international civil litigation, cracks down on corrupt criminals and effectively curbs corruption crimes.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：江西財(cái)經(jīng)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：D997.9
[Abstract]:Corruption crime, as a kind of criminal and civil cases, not only conforms to the criminal constitution of related charges in criminal law, but also conforms to the provisions of tort liability in civil law. In addition, we should make full use of the civil procedure in civil means to recover Foreign Corrupt criminal assets and stop corrupt criminal activities financially. The limitations of this practice, which relies on criminal judicial assistance to recover fleeing corrupt assets, become more and more obvious with the deepening of anti-corruption work. < Convention > creatively introduces civil means into asset recovery, establishes direct recovery measures, and provides international civil litigation paths for countries to choose when recovering foreign assets. However, in our country, the recovery of corrupt assets remains in criminal means, which greatly limits the progress of asset recovery in our country. The problem of asset flight is serious and social wealth is greatly lost. The purpose of this paper is to discuss the necessity and practical dilemma of recovering corrupt assets through international civil litigation path by comparing the relevant practices of various countries, taking the path of international civil litigation under the measures of direct recovery of corrupt assets stipulated in the Convention as the research object, combining with the relevant provisions of the Convention and the current legislative situation of our country. This article is divided into four parts: the first part introduces the background of the establishment of direct recovery measures under the Convention, defines the concept of "corruption crime" and "corrupt assets", briefly combs the various paths under the direct recovery measures, and clarifies the international scope of the Convention. The second part aims at discussing the necessity of establishing an international civil procedure for the recovery of corrupt assets in our country. Through the analysis of the present situation of the legislation of asset recovery in our country, it is clarified that the legislation and judicature of asset recovery in our country are still at the level of criminal means. The great limitation caused by the recovery of corrupt assets in China is analyzed and compared with the application of criminal means in terms of the scope of application of international civil litigation and procedural settings. The advantages of the international civil litigation path in the process of recovering corrupt assets abroad are analyzed in order to reflect the international civil litigation path in combating corrupt criminal activities. The third part focuses on the practical dilemma in the process of constructing the path of international civil action for the recovery of corrupt assets in our country. Starting from the aspects of litigation subject and representative qualification, litigation procedure settings, compensation subject and scope, with the help of the debates on Relevant Issues in academic circles, and combining with foreign law And the provisions of the relevant conventions, the analysis of the practical plight of the application, with a view to the latter discussion of China's domestic system to put forward solutions.The fourth part is based on the construction of China's domestic system, designed to build China's corrupt assets in international civil litigation track, improve domestic legislation.This part from the application of public interest litigation, the country. Discusses the determination of the subject qualification and representative qualification of the family litigation, the civil proof system, the effective choice of the jurisdictional court and so on, puts forward the consummation suggestion from the angle of asset recovery, in order to fill the blank of the civil law punishing corruption, raise the cost of corruption crime, exert the function of punishing corruption crime by the international civil litigation path, so as to help me. The state recovers the fleeing assets through international civil litigation, cracks down on corrupt criminals and effectively curbs corruption crimes.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：江西財(cái)經(jīng)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：D997.9
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