WTO框架下生物燃料貿(mào)易的補貼與反補貼法律問題研究
發(fā)布時間：2018-08-11 10:16
【摘要】：保障能源安全、完成京都議定書下節(jié)能減排義務(wù)、促進農(nóng)村地區(qū)發(fā)展等因素促進了全球范圍內(nèi)生物燃料產(chǎn)業(yè)的發(fā)展，各主要國家紛紛采取補貼等國內(nèi)支持措施支持國內(nèi)生物燃料產(chǎn)業(yè)的發(fā)展。目前雖然生物燃料的貿(mào)易量尚小，但是由于發(fā)達國家具有使用清潔能源的巨大需求而缺乏適耕土地及適宜氣候，而發(fā)展中國家卻具備發(fā)展生物燃料的比較優(yōu)勢，，生物燃料貿(mào)易量增長將會是大勢所趨。大量的國內(nèi)支持措施也在一定程度上構(gòu)成了非關(guān)稅貿(mào)易壁壘，扭曲了貿(mào)易，影響了全球生物燃料產(chǎn)業(yè)的資源配置，生物燃料相關(guān)的貿(mào)易爭端已初見端倪。而現(xiàn)行的WTO多邊貿(mào)易體制尚無專門規(guī)則規(guī)制生物燃料貿(mào)易，生物燃料的貿(mào)易分類在貿(mào)易實務(wù)中也未達成共識，現(xiàn)行哪些WTO規(guī)則可適用于生物燃料，這些規(guī)則適用中有哪些問題，多哈回合談判對生物燃料補貼有何影響，這些問題都急需我們在WTO框架下審視生物燃料貿(mào)易中的補貼與反補貼問題。 本文主要分為五大部分展開論述，第一部分對生物燃料貿(mào)易進行一般分析，闡述了生物燃料的內(nèi)涵，介紹了世界生物燃料的產(chǎn)業(yè)及貿(mào)易發(fā)展?fàn)顩r。 第二部分論述了WTO對生物燃料補貼的規(guī)制。首先對生物燃料補貼進行了一般分析，論述了在WTO框架下審視生物燃料補貼的必要性，接著介紹了現(xiàn)行WTO補貼規(guī)則的發(fā)展演變，然后對現(xiàn)行WTO可用于規(guī)制生物燃料補貼的關(guān)貿(mào)總協(xié)定1994（GATT1994）、補貼與反補貼措施協(xié)議（SCM）及農(nóng)業(yè)協(xié)定（AOA）進行了分析，對多哈回合談判中涉及到生物燃料的相關(guān)問題進行了總結(jié)及展望。 第三部分對生物燃料補貼與反補貼相關(guān)的WTO規(guī)則適用進行了探析。首先據(jù)生物燃料的不同分類對關(guān)貿(mào)總協(xié)定1994、補貼與反補貼措施協(xié)議及農(nóng)業(yè)協(xié)定的選擇適用問題進行了分析，其次論述了在這些規(guī)則選定后的生物燃料補貼與反補貼的具體適用問題。 第四部分是在WTO框架下對生物燃料補貼與反補貼的實證分析。首先以政策加法律的形式分析了生物燃料主要生產(chǎn)國的典型補貼政策，然后對已出現(xiàn)的幾個生物燃料補貼與反補貼貿(mào)易爭端案進行實證分析。 第五部分講WTO框架下我國生物燃料貿(mào)易的應(yīng)對之策。首先介紹了我國生物燃料產(chǎn)業(yè)補貼的現(xiàn)狀，然后提出了我國的應(yīng)對之策。
[Abstract]:Factors such as ensuring energy security, fulfilling the obligations of energy conservation and emission reduction under the Kyoto Protocol, and promoting the development of rural areas have contributed to the development of the biofuel industry worldwide. Major countries have adopted subsidies and other domestic support measures to support the development of domestic biofuels industry. Although the volume of trade in biofuels is still small, due to the huge demand of developed countries for clean energy, they lack suitable land and suitable climate, while developing countries have a comparative advantage in developing biofuels. The growth of biofuel trade will be the trend of the times. A large number of domestic support measures also constitute non-tariff trade barriers to some extent distort trade and affect the allocation of resources in the global biofuel industry. However, the current WTO multilateral trading system has no special rules to regulate the trade of biofuels, and the trade classification of biofuels has not reached a consensus in trade practice, which WTO rules can be applied to biofuels, and what problems exist in the application of these rules. There is an urgent need for us to examine the issue of subsidies and countervailing in biofuel trade under the WTO framework. This paper is divided into five parts: the first part is the general analysis of biofuel trade, the connotation of biofuel, and the development of biofuel industry and trade in the world. The second part discusses the regulation of WTO on biofuels subsidies. Firstly, the general analysis of biofuel subsidies is made, and the necessity of examining biofuel subsidies under the framework of WTO is discussed, and then the development and evolution of the current WTO subsidy rules are introduced. Then it analyzes the current WTO which can be used to regulate biofuel subsidies in the General Agreement on tariffs and Trade (GATT1994), the Agreement on subsidies and countervailing measures (SCM) and the Agreement on Agriculture (AOA), and summarizes and prospects the related issues related to biofuels in the Doha Round of negotiations. The third part analyzes the application of WTO rules related to biofuel subsidies and countervailing. Firstly, according to the different classification of biofuels, the selection and application of GATT 1994, the Agreement on subsidies and countervailing measures and the Agreement on Agriculture are analyzed. Secondly, the specific application of biofuel subsidy and countervailing after these rules are discussed. The fourth part is the empirical analysis of biofuel subsidies and countervailing under the WTO framework. This paper first analyzes the typical subsidy policies of the major biofuel producing countries in the form of policy and law, and then makes an empirical analysis of several cases of trade disputes between biofuels subsidies and countervailing trade. The fifth part discusses the countermeasures of China's biofuels trade under the framework of WTO. This paper first introduces the current situation of biofuel industry subsidies in China, and then puts forward some countermeasures.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：重慶大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號】：D996.1
本文編號：2176704
[Abstract]:Factors such as ensuring energy security, fulfilling the obligations of energy conservation and emission reduction under the Kyoto Protocol, and promoting the development of rural areas have contributed to the development of the biofuel industry worldwide. Major countries have adopted subsidies and other domestic support measures to support the development of domestic biofuels industry. Although the volume of trade in biofuels is still small, due to the huge demand of developed countries for clean energy, they lack suitable land and suitable climate, while developing countries have a comparative advantage in developing biofuels. The growth of biofuel trade will be the trend of the times. A large number of domestic support measures also constitute non-tariff trade barriers to some extent distort trade and affect the allocation of resources in the global biofuel industry. However, the current WTO multilateral trading system has no special rules to regulate the trade of biofuels, and the trade classification of biofuels has not reached a consensus in trade practice, which WTO rules can be applied to biofuels, and what problems exist in the application of these rules. There is an urgent need for us to examine the issue of subsidies and countervailing in biofuel trade under the WTO framework. This paper is divided into five parts: the first part is the general analysis of biofuel trade, the connotation of biofuel, and the development of biofuel industry and trade in the world. The second part discusses the regulation of WTO on biofuels subsidies. Firstly, the general analysis of biofuel subsidies is made, and the necessity of examining biofuel subsidies under the framework of WTO is discussed, and then the development and evolution of the current WTO subsidy rules are introduced. Then it analyzes the current WTO which can be used to regulate biofuel subsidies in the General Agreement on tariffs and Trade (GATT1994), the Agreement on subsidies and countervailing measures (SCM) and the Agreement on Agriculture (AOA), and summarizes and prospects the related issues related to biofuels in the Doha Round of negotiations. The third part analyzes the application of WTO rules related to biofuel subsidies and countervailing. Firstly, according to the different classification of biofuels, the selection and application of GATT 1994, the Agreement on subsidies and countervailing measures and the Agreement on Agriculture are analyzed. Secondly, the specific application of biofuel subsidy and countervailing after these rules are discussed. The fourth part is the empirical analysis of biofuel subsidies and countervailing under the WTO framework. This paper first analyzes the typical subsidy policies of the major biofuel producing countries in the form of policy and law, and then makes an empirical analysis of several cases of trade disputes between biofuels subsidies and countervailing trade. The fifth part discusses the countermeasures of China's biofuels trade under the framework of WTO. This paper first introduces the current situation of biofuel industry subsidies in China, and then puts forward some countermeasures.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：重慶大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號】：D996.1
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本文編號：2176704
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