【摘要】：生物貿(mào)易是在聯(lián)合國(guó)貿(mào)易和發(fā)展會(huì)議(UNCTAD)提出的概念,是指獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)國(guó)際貿(mào)易的參加者,通過經(jīng)濟(jì)、貿(mào)易和類似刺激措施來(lái)實(shí)現(xiàn)生物多樣性保持和可持續(xù)利用的貿(mào)易方式。 除了前言和結(jié)語(yǔ),本文共分為四個(gè)部分： 第一部分簡(jiǎn)要分析國(guó)際貿(mào)易和生物多樣性的相互影響。自由貿(mào)易的快速發(fā)展引起的生物資源的大量消耗給生物多樣性的保護(hù)帶來(lái)了嚴(yán)重威脅,而對(duì)生物多樣性的一些保護(hù)措施則在某種程度上限制了自.由貿(mào)易的發(fā)展。這兩種極端保護(hù)行為都會(huì)阻礙人類社會(huì)的可持續(xù)發(fā)展。生物貿(mào)易就是在人類社會(huì)可持續(xù)發(fā)展要求下提出的。 第二部分對(duì)生物貿(mào)易這一新概念進(jìn)行了理論分析。從定義、經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)分析和基本原則三方面進(jìn)行細(xì)致論述。本部分從不同角度對(duì)生物貿(mào)易的定義進(jìn)行闡述,并借用“經(jīng)濟(jì)人”理論、博弈論對(duì)生物貿(mào)易進(jìn)行經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)理論分析,論證生物貿(mào)易的必要性及可行性。結(jié)合當(dāng)前生物貿(mào)易現(xiàn)有的參考資料和基本特點(diǎn),主要論述了可持續(xù)發(fā)展原則、預(yù)防原則和國(guó)際合作三個(gè)基本原則。生物貿(mào)易的基礎(chǔ)理論是生物貿(mào)易立法和實(shí)踐的基礎(chǔ)。 生物貿(mào)易目前雖無(wú)直接立法,但在國(guó)際上已有諸多相關(guān)規(guī)定,第三部分對(duì)這些相關(guān)規(guī)定進(jìn)行了分析。列舉了當(dāng)前與生物貿(mào)易相關(guān)的國(guó)際立法：GATT的一般例外,《生物多樣性公約》、《瀕危野生動(dòng)植物物種國(guó)際貿(mào)易公約》、《技術(shù)性貿(mào)易壁壘協(xié)議》,《實(shí)施動(dòng)植物衛(wèi)生檢疫措施協(xié)議》。并從生態(tài)補(bǔ)償和生態(tài)產(chǎn)品認(rèn)證計(jì)劃方面簡(jiǎn)要論述了生物貿(mào)易的實(shí)踐。最后,根據(jù)上述理論和實(shí)踐,從尚未形成有機(jī)協(xié)調(diào)體系、立法的超前性、國(guó)家利益的矛盾以及軟法的弱法律效力方面論述了目前生物貿(mào)易國(guó)際法規(guī)制中存在的問題 第四部分針對(duì)第三部分指出的現(xiàn)有生物貿(mào)易國(guó)際立法中存在的問題,從加強(qiáng)國(guó)際合作,促進(jìn)公約的協(xié)調(diào),加強(qiáng)執(zhí)行機(jī)制,鼓勵(lì)自愿措施和確立國(guó)際標(biāo)準(zhǔn)和認(rèn)證方面的完善建議進(jìn)行論述。
[Abstract]:BioTrade is a concept put forward by the (UNCTAD) of the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development. It refers to the trade mode that rewards the participants in international trade and realizes the conservation and sustainable use of biodiversity through economic, trade and similar incentives. In addition to the preface and conclusion, this paper is divided into four parts: the first part is a brief analysis of the interaction between international trade and biodiversity. With the rapid development of free trade, the huge consumption of biological resources has brought serious threat to the protection of biodiversity, and some measures to protect biodiversity have restricted the self-protection to a certain extent. By the development of trade. Both of these extreme protective actions will hinder the sustainable development of human society. Biological trade is put forward under the request of sustainable development of human society. The second part makes a theoretical analysis of the new concept of BioTrade. From the definition, the economic analysis and the basic principle three aspects carries on the detailed elaboration. This part expounds the definition of biotrade from different angles, and uses the theory of "economic man" and game theory to analyze the economic theory of biotrade, and proves the necessity and feasibility of biotrade. Combined with the current reference materials and basic characteristics of biotrade, this paper mainly discusses three basic principles of sustainable development, prevention and international cooperation. The basic theory of biotrade is the basis of the legislation and practice of biotrade. Although there is no direct legislation at present, there are many relevant regulations in the world. The third part analyzes these regulations. The general exceptions of the current international legislation related to biological trade, namely, the Convention on Biological Diversity, the Convention on International Trade in Endangered species of Wild Fauna and Flora, the Agreement on Technical barriers to Trade and the Agreement on the implementation of Sanitary and Quarantine measures, are listed. The practice of biotrade is briefly discussed from the aspects of ecological compensation and ecological product certification plan. Finally, according to the above theory and practice, the organic coordination system has never been formed. The contradiction of national interests and the weak legal effect of soft law discuss the problems existing in the regulation of international law on biotrade at present. The fourth part points out the problems existing in the existing international legislation on biotrade in view of the third part. It is discussed in terms of strengthening international cooperation, promoting coordination of conventions, strengthening enforcement mechanisms, encouraging voluntary measures and improving proposals for establishing international standards and certification.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：昆明理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號(hào)】：D996.1

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本文編號(hào)：2165635