【摘要】：信用證是國際貿(mào)易結(jié)算的一種方式，在國際貿(mào)易中被廣泛使用，被譽(yù)為“國際商業(yè)的生命線”。但由于信用證與生俱來的機(jī)制漏洞催生了信用證欺詐行為，對當(dāng)今的國際貿(mào)易的安全造成了重大的威脅，在國際經(jīng)濟(jì)交往日益密切的今天，如何保障交易安全，如何防止欺詐已成為國際社會迫切需要解決的問題。本文擬對信用證欺詐例外原則的適用問題進(jìn)行研究，先從信用證欺詐產(chǎn)生的背景及理論框架入手，通過比較研究中國與國外主要國家對欺詐例外原則的立法及司法實(shí)踐，對我國出臺的司法解釋《關(guān)于審理信用證糾紛案件若干問題的規(guī)定》試著作出評析，在此基礎(chǔ)上結(jié)合該司法解釋的缺陷及審判實(shí)踐中遇到的問題，從立法及司法角度提出具體的建議。 在結(jié)構(gòu)上，文章共分為三個章節(jié)： 第一章是對信用證欺詐及欺詐例外原則概述，先回顧了信用證欺詐的產(chǎn)生原因，信用證欺詐是信用證獨(dú)立抽象原則的產(chǎn)物。通過對國際上信用證欺詐規(guī)定現(xiàn)狀分析，結(jié)合信用證欺詐的特點(diǎn)及國內(nèi)法律對欺詐的界定，得出信用證欺詐的定義，接下來在前文基礎(chǔ)上對欺詐例外原則做了介紹，主要引述了一個里程碑式的案例及論述了其歷史意義。最后比較詳細(xì)的介紹了國外對欺詐例外原則的規(guī)定，比較分析了主要英美法系國家和大陸法系國家對該原則的立法及司法現(xiàn)狀，為下文所提建議作了鋪墊。 第二章著重闡述了欺詐例外原則在我國的實(shí)踐及存在的問題。先是簡單介紹了司法解釋出臺以前我國對信用證欺詐的相關(guān)規(guī)定性文件，，再通過對典型案例的剖析，證實(shí)了這些文件無法滿足審判實(shí)務(wù)之需，因此2005年最高人民法院出臺了一部專門針對信用證審判實(shí)務(wù)的司法解釋，即《關(guān)于審理信用證糾紛案件若干問題的規(guī)定》（簡稱《規(guī)定》），在簡單介紹《規(guī)定》的法條原文后，進(jìn)一步分析了其進(jìn)步意義及不足之處。雖然《規(guī)定》對欺詐的認(rèn)定與訴訟程序問題都有涉及，但審判實(shí)踐中依然有很多問題是《規(guī)定》所不能解決的，本章最后一節(jié)對審判實(shí)踐中信用證欺詐例外的適用所存在的問題作了總結(jié)。 第三章主要內(nèi)容是反信用證欺詐的法律建議�；诘谝徽抡撟C了英美法系的對欺詐例外的立法的成功之處，第二章論證了我國信用證欺詐的法律現(xiàn)狀，本章正是建立在前兩章論述的基礎(chǔ)上，從立法及司法兩方面提出了相關(guān)建議。
[Abstract]:Letter of credit is a way to settle international trade. It is widely used in international trade and is called "lifeline of international commerce". However, because of the inherent loopholes in the mechanism of letters of credit, the fraud of letters of credit has been spawned, which poses a great threat to the security of international trade today. How to ensure the security of transactions in today's increasingly close international economic exchanges? How to prevent fraud has become an urgent problem to be solved by the international community. This paper intends to study the application of the fraud exception principle of letters of credit, starting with the background and theoretical framework of the fraud, and through the comparative study of the legislation and judicial practice of the fraud exception principle between China and other major countries abroad. In this paper, the author tries to comment on the judicial interpretation of "some problems in handling the dispute cases of letters of credit" issued by our country. On this basis, it combines the defects of the judicial interpretation and the problems encountered in the trial practice. Put forward the concrete suggestion from the angle of legislation and judicature. In structure, the article is divided into three chapters: the first chapter is an overview of fraud and fraud exception principle, first reviewed the causes of letter of credit fraud, letter of credit fraud is the product of the abstract principle of letter of credit. Through the analysis of the current situation of the fraud regulation of the international letter of credit, combined with the characteristics of the fraud of the letter of credit and the definition of fraud in the domestic law, the definition of fraud of the letter of credit is obtained, and then the principle of the exception of fraud is introduced on the basis of the above. This paper mainly cites a landmark case and discusses its historical significance. At last, it introduces the provisions of the principle of fraud exception in foreign countries, compares and analyzes the legislative and judicial status of the principle in the major common law countries and the countries of the continental law system, and paves the way for the suggestions made below. The second chapter focuses on the practice and problems of the principle of fraud exception in our country. First of all, the paper briefly introduces the relevant documents about the fraud of letter of credit in our country before the introduction of the judicial interpretation, and then through the analysis of the typical cases, it proves that these documents can not meet the needs of the trial practice. Therefore, in 2005, the Supreme people's Court issued a judicial interpretation specifically aimed at the practice of the trial of letters of credit, that is, the provisions on the trial of dispute cases of letters of credit (referred to as "regulations"). After a brief introduction of the original articles of the "regulations", Further analysis of its progressive significance and shortcomings. Although the determination of fraud and procedural issues are involved in the "stipulation", there are still many problems that can not be solved in the trial practice. The last section of this chapter summarizes the problems existing in the application of the fraud exception in the trial practice. The third chapter is the main content of anti-letter of credit fraud legal advice. Based on the first chapter, the author demonstrates the success of the legislation of fraud exception in Anglo-American law system, the second chapter demonstrates the present situation of the fraud of letter of credit in our country, and this chapter is based on the first two chapters. Some suggestions are put forward from the aspects of legislation and judicature.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：華東政法大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號】：D996;F740.4

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