【摘要】：迄今為止,石油仍然是對(duì)人類生存和發(fā)展最重要的能源。但陸地石油開采已逐漸不能滿足人類社會(huì)快速發(fā)展的需求,于此同時(shí)海上石油勘探開發(fā)活動(dòng)蓬勃發(fā)展起來(lái)。然而隨著海上石油開采水域的不斷加深,接踵而來(lái)的溢油事故也讓海洋環(huán)境和人類社會(huì)蒙受了巨大的災(zāi)難。發(fā)生于2010年4月20日的墨西哥灣“深水地平線”溢油事故震驚了全世界,而在這起事故的后續(xù)處理中所展現(xiàn)的美國(guó)相關(guān)法律規(guī)定的體系性和成熟性以及由此暴露出的不足之處都引起了國(guó)際、各國(guó)國(guó)內(nèi)立法界、學(xué)術(shù)界的廣泛討論。相比之下,我國(guó)在2011年6月發(fā)生的渤海蓬萊19-3油田溢油事件中的應(yīng)急處理及賠償恢復(fù)工作,深刻揭露了我國(guó)相關(guān)立法的嚴(yán)重缺失及配套機(jī)制的極度不完善。本文擬從宏觀上較全面地分析海上鉆井平臺(tái)油污損害賠償涉及到的法律問題,以期為今后該法律問題的研究起到拋磚引玉的作用,同時(shí)成為未來(lái)相關(guān)立法工作的參考。 本文緒論從海上鉆井平臺(tái)油污損害賠償法律問題研究這一題目的選題背景及意義切入,文章正文共分為六個(gè)部分。第一部分概括敘述海上鉆井平臺(tái)油污損害賠償涉及到的若干基本法律問題。具體包括對(duì)海上鉆井平臺(tái)的含義和特點(diǎn)的論述、對(duì)平臺(tái)屬性的界定、對(duì)平臺(tái)造成油污損害的現(xiàn)狀闡述及對(duì)平臺(tái)油污損害賠償?shù)膰?guó)內(nèi)外立法現(xiàn)狀分析幾個(gè)方面。第二部分至第六部分則分別從海上鉆井平臺(tái)油污損害賠償?shù)臍w責(zé)原則、責(zé)任限制、責(zé)任主體、賠償范圍、強(qiáng)制保險(xiǎn)、賠償基金這幾個(gè)方面,通過對(duì)相關(guān)國(guó)際公約的闡釋及美國(guó)OPA90的評(píng)析,并結(jié)合相關(guān)理論,著重探討了各方面理論和實(shí)務(wù)中爭(zhēng)議較大的問題,進(jìn)而對(duì)我國(guó)海上鉆井平臺(tái)油污損害賠償立法提出若干建議。
[Abstract]:Up to now, oil is still the most important energy for the survival and development of mankind. However, land oil production has been unable to meet the rapid development of human society. Meanwhile, offshore oil exploration and development activities are booming. However, with the deepening of offshore oil exploitation waters, oil spill accidents have caused great disaster to marine environment and human society. The Deepwater Horizon oil spill in the Gulf of Mexico on April 20, 2010, shocked the world. However, the systematic and mature nature of the relevant American laws and regulations and the deficiencies exposed in the subsequent handling of the accident have aroused extensive discussion among the international, domestic legislative circles and academic circles. In contrast, the emergency treatment and recovery of compensation in the oil spill incident in Penglai 19-3 oilfield in Bohai Sea in June 2011 have deeply exposed the serious lack of relevant legislation and the imperfection of supporting mechanism in China. This paper intends to analyze the legal problems involved in compensation for oil pollution damage of offshore drilling platforms from a macro perspective in order to serve as a starting point for the future study of this legal issue and to serve as a reference for future relevant legislative work. This paper introduces the background and significance of the research on the legal problem of oil pollution compensation for offshore drilling platform. The text of this paper is divided into six parts. In the first part, some basic legal problems involved in oil pollution compensation of offshore drilling platform are summarized. It includes the discussion of the meaning and characteristics of offshore drilling platform, the definition of platform attributes, the current situation of oil pollution damage caused by the platform and the analysis of domestic and foreign legislation status of compensation for oil pollution damage on the platform. From the second to the sixth parts, respectively, from the principles of liability, limitation of liability, main body of liability, scope of compensation, compulsory insurance and compensation fund of compensation for oil pollution damage of offshore drilling platform, Through the interpretation of the relevant international conventions and the analysis of the United States OPA90, and combining with the relevant theories, this paper emphatically discusses the controversial issues in various aspects of theory and practice, and then puts forward some suggestions on the legislation of compensation for oil pollution damage on offshore drilling platforms in China.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：大連海事大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號(hào)】：D922.294;D996.19;X55

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