本文選題：國(guó)際信托 + 多元化發(fā)展�。� 參考：《中南民族大學(xué)》2013年碩士論文

【摘要】：國(guó)際信托是信托制度在國(guó)際范圍內(nèi)的延伸。信托制度逐漸被很多大陸法系的國(guó)家所接受。國(guó)際信托在各國(guó)被承認(rèn)的客觀必然性決定了國(guó)際信托多元化的發(fā)展趨勢(shì)。它不但會(huì)給中國(guó)信托制度的帶來考驗(yàn)，而且能激發(fā)立法者對(duì)民事信托、公益信托等制度的深入研究，彌補(bǔ)我國(guó)在民事信托等領(lǐng)域的空白。從本質(zhì)上說，國(guó)際信托的多元化發(fā)展對(duì)中國(guó)意義重大。 筆者在撰寫此文的時(shí)一直在思考，怎樣讓更多的法律人重新審視我國(guó)的信托制度，研究其與國(guó)際信托接軌的可能性；怎樣讓政府更加重視信托業(yè)在我國(guó)的發(fā)展，促使國(guó)際信托多元化得以實(shí)現(xiàn)。 時(shí)代發(fā)展的今天，在頻繁的國(guó)際經(jīng)濟(jì)文化交往中，國(guó)際間的信托糾紛逐漸增多。在國(guó)際信托法律關(guān)系中,不管是對(duì)于信托當(dāng)事人還是參與裁決的法官來說,因法系間的差異,信托關(guān)系的設(shè)立和信托糾紛的解決都十分不便。我一直在思考這樣一些問題：大陸法系國(guó)家的人在英美法系國(guó)家成立一份關(guān)于財(cái)產(chǎn)或遺囑的民事信托，抑或公益信托，在實(shí)踐上該如何操作？假如后來發(fā)生法律糾紛，法官會(huì)如何裁決呢？ 先天性制度差異可能會(huì)帶來判決或裁定上等諸多問題。正如某些學(xué)者所言，在涉外信托糾紛發(fā)生時(shí),由于信托法律的差異,大陸法系國(guó)家的法院和當(dāng)事人均不知道該如何處理。在就如何處理信托沒有達(dá)成一致意見時(shí),法院和當(dāng)事人都要花費(fèi)相當(dāng)多的時(shí)間和精力去研究英美法系信托制度在其域內(nèi)定性、吸收或轉(zhuǎn)化等問題。因此,大陸法系國(guó)家非�？释私獠⑶液侠斫鉀Q國(guó)際信托問題。英美法系國(guó)家在處理國(guó)際信托法律關(guān)系時(shí)同樣會(huì)出現(xiàn)很棘手的問題。這必然會(huì)促使各國(guó)在對(duì)于本國(guó)信托立法上予以足夠重視。 有人會(huì)說，針對(duì)國(guó)際信托糾紛，法官可以援引法律適用法來解決。但法律適用法只是程序法，問題最終需要準(zhǔn)據(jù)法來解決。換句話說，信托實(shí)體法是最終被用來解決信托糾紛的法律。在各國(guó)信托立法參差不齊的現(xiàn)狀下，很難得到公正的判決。從這個(gè)意義上講，我們需要國(guó)際信托制度能夠逐漸成熟和發(fā)展。讓越來越多的立法者開始思考本國(guó)的信托立法。在國(guó)際信托中，呈現(xiàn)出國(guó)際商事信托“一家獨(dú)大”的特點(diǎn)，長(zhǎng)此以往，不利于國(guó)際信托的健康發(fā)展。因此，筆者提出了國(guó)際信托多元化發(fā)展的觀點(diǎn)。即國(guó)際信托的范圍不能滿足在國(guó)際商事信托中，還必須向其它領(lǐng)域發(fā)展。最終，國(guó)際信托多元化過程中可以促使各國(guó)不斷完善或修改本國(guó)的法律，促使現(xiàn)存的“差異化”立法格局能夠被改變，滿足國(guó)際信托實(shí)踐的需要。從這個(gè)意義上講，國(guó)際信托多元化與緩解國(guó)際信托糾紛是相輔相成。 何謂國(guó)際信托多元化發(fā)展？筆者認(rèn)為，國(guó)際信托的多元化發(fā)展是指信托在國(guó)際范圍內(nèi)從商事領(lǐng)域向民事、公益領(lǐng)域發(fā)展。國(guó)際信托多元化發(fā)展的設(shè)想打破了固有的國(guó)際信托結(jié)構(gòu)，，發(fā)展后的成果又可以惠及到各國(guó)的信托制度，最終服務(wù)于國(guó)際經(jīng)濟(jì)文化交流的實(shí)踐。 本文第一章闡述了國(guó)際信托的基本框架、功能以及特點(diǎn)，厘清了國(guó)際信托制度與其他諸多類似法律概念的區(qū)別。第二章闡述了國(guó)際信托多元化發(fā)展的意義和制度背景，以及可行性分析。第三章則以案例為視角，闡述了在民事領(lǐng)域和公益領(lǐng)域內(nèi)中運(yùn)用國(guó)際信托制度的優(yōu)越性，及其各項(xiàng)制度的具體運(yùn)作方式。第四章則從實(shí)踐的角度闡述了國(guó)際信托制度在各個(gè)領(lǐng)域內(nèi)可能面臨的問題或障礙，并從國(guó)際信托委托人、受托人、受益人的角度闡述了國(guó)際信托多元化發(fā)展的實(shí)踐障礙。第五章則是針對(duì)國(guó)際信托多元化發(fā)展障礙提出具體的解決措施。作者首先從國(guó)際和國(guó)內(nèi)兩個(gè)角度予以分析并提出了相應(yīng)的立法建議，然后論及了中國(guó)成為《海牙信托公約》的可行性，最終服務(wù)于國(guó)際信托多元化。
[Abstract]:International Trust is the extension of the trust system in the international scope. The trust system has gradually been accepted by many countries in the continental law system. The objective inevitability of international trusts in various countries determines the development trend of International Trust diversification. It will not only test the Chinese trust system, but also stimulate the lawmakers to the civil trust, public trust, and the public trust. The in-depth study of Yi trust system makes up for the gaps in China's civil trust and so on. In essence, the diversification of international trust is of great significance to China.
In writing this article, the author has been thinking about how to allow more legal people to reexamine the trust system in our country and study the possibility of its connection with international trust; how to make the government pay more attention to the development of the trust industry in our country and promote the realization of the International Trust diversification.
With the development of the times today, in the frequent international economic and cultural exchanges, International Trust disputes have gradually increased. In the legal relationship of international trust, whether it is for the trust parties or the judges participating in the decision, the establishment of trust relations and the settlement of the trust dispute are very inconvenient because of the difference between the legal system. Some questions: in the civil law countries, people in the common law countries have established a civil trust on property or will, or the public trust, how to operate in practice? If a legal dispute occurs later, how will the judge decide?
As some scholars have said, as some scholars have said, the courts and parties in civil law countries do not know how to deal with the differences in trust laws when foreign trust disputes occur. In the case of no agreement on how to deal with the trust, both the court and the parties should do it. It takes a considerable amount of time and effort to study the problems of the Anglo American legal system trust system in its domain, such as qualitative, absorption, or transformation. Therefore, the civil law countries are very eager to understand and solve the international trust problems. The state attaches enough importance to the legislation of domestic trust.
Some people will say that the judge can invoke the law applicable law to solve the International Trust disputes. But the law applicable law is only procedural law, and the problem ultimately needs the applicable law. In other words, the trust entity law is the law which is finally used to solve the trust disputes. It is difficult to get a fair judgment in the situation of the uneven state of trust legislation in various countries. In this sense, we need the international trust system to gradually mature and develop. More and more legislators begin to think about their own trust legislation. In the international trust, the international commercial trust "one big one" is characterized by the fact that the international trust is not conducive to the healthy development of international trust. The view that the scope of the international trust can not be met in the international commercial trust must also be developed in other fields. In the end, the International Trust diversification process can encourage countries to constantly improve or modify their own laws, so that the existing "differentiated" legislative pattern can be changed to meet the practice of International Trust. In this sense, diversification of International Trust and mitigation of International Trust disputes complement each other.
What is the pluralistic development of international trust? The author thinks that the pluralistic development of international trust refers to the development of trust in the field of civil and public welfare in the field of business. The idea of the pluralistic development of International Trust has broken the inherent international trust structure, and the development results can also benefit the trust system of various countries and ultimately serve the trust system. Practice of international economic and cultural exchanges.
The first chapter of this article expounds the basic framework, function and characteristics of international trust, clarifies the difference between international trust system and many other similar legal concepts. The second chapter expounds the significance and institutional background of the development of International Trust and the feasibility analysis. The third chapter expounds the civil and public welfare in the Perspective of case. The superiority of the International Trust System in the field and the concrete operation of various systems. The fourth chapter expounds the possible problems or obstacles that the international trust system may face in various fields from the perspective of practice, and expounds the practical obstacle to the pluralistic development of international trust from the perspective of the trustees, trustees and beneficiaries of the international trust. The fifth chapter puts forward specific solutions to the barriers to the development of international trust. The author first analyzes and puts forward relevant legislative proposals from two perspectives, both at home and abroad, and then discusses the feasibility of China as the "Hague trust Convention", and ultimately serves the pluralism of international trust.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中南民族大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號(hào)】：D996.2

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