本文選題：氣候變化 + 聯(lián)合國氣候變化框架公約�。� 參考：《中國海洋大學》2011年碩士論文

【摘要】：近年來,隨著《京都議定書》所規(guī)定的第一承諾期將于2012年到期,西方社會有拋棄《聯(lián)合國氣候變化框架公約》、繞開《京都議定書》并制定應對氣候變化國際新規(guī)則的意圖,從而達到逼迫發(fā)展中國家,尤其是中國承擔溫室氣體強制減排責任的目的。以歐美為代表的西方發(fā)達國家一直在爭奪并掌控著氣候變化國際法事務的規(guī)則擬定權和話語權,而這種掌控權的理論基礎和語言背景就形成了氣候變化的西方語境。在氣候變化的國際談判和國際法理論研究中,主要發(fā)達國家利用其逐步建立的西方語境,在新技術革命的背景下通過創(chuàng)建和引導各種政策來對全球國際政治和經(jīng)濟利益進行再分配,成功把握了氣候變化領域規(guī)則制定的話語權和制度實施的掌控權。哥本哈根會議是中國應對氣候變化,促進國內二氧化碳減排的轉折點。雖然根據(jù)《聯(lián)合國氣候變化框架公約》和《京都議定書》,我國沒有承擔溫室氣體減排的強制性義務,但在哥本哈根會議后,我國承諾了二氧化碳排放的自主減排責任,并愈加以更加積極的態(tài)度應對氣候變化國際法事務。本文在選取典型西方國家法律法規(guī)、政策等規(guī)范性文件、學術論文等文本為研究對象的基礎上,分析和總結氣候變化議題上的西方語境,深入研究其背后的理論基礎和話語基礎,剖析中國所面臨的國際法困境和挑戰(zhàn),并嘗試指出中國當下的正當性話語來源和未來的戰(zhàn)略選擇。從而在氣候變化國際談判日趨復雜的新形勢下創(chuàng)造出能與西方語境交鋒,并在氣候變化國際法事務中應用的中國本土話語來源。這也是在氣候變化議題上為國家戰(zhàn)略奠定正當性基礎的話語系統(tǒng)的初步嘗試和探索。 本文第一章簡要介紹氣候變化從自然科學到國際法學的理論演變過程。包括氣候變化的國際法內涵,及國際法律形成和發(fā)展的趨勢等。第二章著重總結氣候變化的西方語境,選取美歐為例,在闡述其氣候變化政策與法律的基礎上,從國際法事務和國際法研究兩個方面來深入分析并總結氣候變化的西方語境。第三章指出中國應對氣候變化西方語境的話語來源。包括法律及政策來源、產(chǎn)業(yè)實踐來源和學理來源,著重指出了在國際法上我國需要對“共同但有區(qū)別責任”原則、“人均排放權”主張與公平原則加以學理上的深化,從而形成反駁西方語境的正當性話語來源和理論基礎,并可嘗試應用國際環(huán)境法國家責任的私法化理論從新的角度看待氣候變化問題。第四章作為余論,指出未來中國應對氣候變化國際法律事務的基本態(tài)度,即統(tǒng)籌協(xié)調國際國外兩個大局以及氣候變化與政治經(jīng)濟的斂合。
[Abstract]:In recent years, as the first commitment period under the Kyoto Protocol expires in 2012, the Western community has the intention to abandon the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate change, bypass the Kyoto Protocol and formulate new international rules to deal with climate change. So as to force developing countries, especially China, to assume the responsibility of reducing greenhouse gas emissions. Western developed countries, represented by Europe and the United States, have been fighting for and controlling the right to formulate and speak the rules of climate change international law affairs, and the theoretical basis and linguistic background of this kind of control power has formed the western context of climate change. In the context of international negotiations on climate change and the theoretical study of international law, the major developed countries have taken advantage of their evolving Western context, In the context of the new technological revolution, the global international political and economic interests are redistributed through the creation and guidance of various policies, which successfully grasps the right to speak in the field of climate change and to control the implementation of the system. Copenhagen was a turning point for China to tackle climate change and promote carbon dioxide emissions reduction at home. Although according to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate change and the Kyoto Protocol, China has no mandatory obligation to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, after the Copenhagen Conference, China promised its own responsibility for reducing carbon dioxide emissions. And increasingly a more proactive approach to climate change international affairs. On the basis of selecting normative documents such as laws, regulations, policies, academic papers and other texts of typical western countries as research objects, this paper analyzes and summarizes the western context on climate change issues. This paper deeply studies the theoretical basis and discourse basis behind it, analyzes the dilemma and challenge of international law faced by China, and tries to point out the source of legitimate discourse and the strategic choice in the future. Therefore, in the new situation of the increasingly complex international negotiations on climate change, we can create a source of Chinese local discourse that can confront the Western context and be applied in the international affairs of climate change. This is also a preliminary attempt and exploration of the discourse system which lays a legitimate foundation for the national strategy on the topic of climate change. The first chapter briefly introduces the theoretical evolution of climate change from natural science to international law. It includes the international law connotation of climate change and the trend of formation and development of international law. In the second chapter, the western context of climate change is summarized, and the western context of climate change is analyzed and summarized from the two aspects of international law and international law on the basis of expounding its climate change policy and law. The third chapter points out the discourse source of China's response to climate change in the Western context. Including the source of law and policy, the source of industry practice and the source of theory, it is emphasized that our country needs to deepen the principle of "common but differentiated responsibility", the principle of "per capita emission right" and the principle of equity in international law. Therefore, it can form the source and theoretical basis of legitimate discourse to refute the western context, and try to apply the private law theory of state responsibility of international environmental law to treat climate change from a new angle. The fourth chapter, as a conclusion, points out the basic attitude of China to deal with international legal affairs of climate change in the future, that is, to coordinate the two situations of international and foreign countries as well as the convergence of climate change and political economy.
【學位授予單位】：中國海洋大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2011
【分類號】：D996.9

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本文編號：1997934