本文選題：巴黎協(xié)定 + 自主貢獻(xiàn)　； 參考：《中國(guó)人口·資源與環(huán)境》2017年09期

【摘要】：環(huán)境產(chǎn)權(quán)化理論與生態(tài)現(xiàn)代化理論演繹出的碳市場(chǎng)被奉為解決碳排放"負(fù)外部性"的有效手段�！毒┒甲h定書(shū)》開(kāi)創(chuàng)了"自上而下"模式的國(guó)際碳市場(chǎng),但因未充分尊重締約方自主和平等參與而成為一個(gè)封閉的"碳交易俱樂(lè)部"。京都機(jī)制的實(shí)踐不足與碳市場(chǎng)的理論爭(zhēng)議引發(fā)《巴黎協(xié)定》碳市場(chǎng)存廢之爭(zhēng)�！栋屠鑵f(xié)定》的"國(guó)家自主貢獻(xiàn)"標(biāo)志著全球氣候治理由"強(qiáng)制約束"向"自覺(jué)責(zé)任"的轉(zhuǎn)向。基于新履約模式,締約方形成四種新市場(chǎng)機(jī)制方案:基線與信用及碳交易機(jī)制、基線與信用"自上而下"或"自下而上"機(jī)制以及國(guó)際碳交易機(jī)制。為保障有效減緩并兼顧自主與平等參與,《巴黎協(xié)定》建立了"自上而下"基線與信用機(jī)制,但采取了與京都機(jī)制"項(xiàng)目"基線不同的"部門"基線。新市場(chǎng)機(jī)制對(duì)信用交易不再特殊限定,尊重締約方參與和適用的自愿性;且以"部門"的總量約束為準(zhǔn)入門檻對(duì)所有締約方統(tǒng)一要求,體現(xiàn)出平等參與的特點(diǎn);減排單位中植入可持續(xù)發(fā)展標(biāo)準(zhǔn)從而對(duì)新機(jī)制實(shí)施的總體效益予以"硬約束"。新機(jī)制將促進(jìn)部門內(nèi)的減排單位統(tǒng)一,為國(guó)際碳市場(chǎng)奠定規(guī)則基礎(chǔ)。但其市場(chǎng)淡化與可持續(xù)發(fā)展植入亦將影響國(guó)家及區(qū)域碳市場(chǎng)異質(zhì)化發(fā)展,不利于國(guó)際碳市場(chǎng)構(gòu)建,其背棄配額交易,獨(dú)采信用交易亦會(huì)抑制碳貨幣形成。中國(guó)建立國(guó)家碳市場(chǎng)旨在促進(jìn)能源市場(chǎng)化改革和產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)調(diào)整,將有利于中國(guó)履行"碳強(qiáng)度"和"非化石能源比重"的自主承諾,還將扭轉(zhuǎn)經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)對(duì)高碳排放的依賴,為未來(lái)中國(guó)履行強(qiáng)制減排責(zé)任奠定基礎(chǔ)。
[Abstract]:The carbon market derived from the theory of environmental property rights and ecological modernization is regarded as an effective means to solve the "negative externality" of carbon emissions. The Kyoto Protocol has created an international carbon market with a "top-down" model. But the lack of full respect for party autonomy and equal participation makes it a closed carbon trading club. The lack of practice of the Kyoto mechanism and the theoretical dispute over the carbon market have led to a dispute over the preservation and abolition of the carbon market. The "national contribution" of the Paris Agreement marks the shift from "compulsory restraint" to "conscious responsibility" in global climate governance. Based on the new compliance model, parties form four new market mechanism schemes: baseline and credit and carbon trading mechanism, baseline and credit "top-down" or "bottom-up" mechanism and international carbon trading mechanism. In order to ensure effective mitigation and balanced autonomy and equal participation, the Paris Accord established a "top-down" baseline and a credit mechanism, but adopted a "sectoral" baseline different from the "baseline" of the Kyoto "project". The new market mechanism is no longer specifically restricted to credit transactions, respects the voluntary nature of participation and application of parties, and has uniform requirements for all parties on the entry threshold of "sector" aggregates, reflecting the characteristics of equal participation; Sustainable development standards are embedded in emission-reducing units so that the overall benefits of the implementation of the new mechanism are "hard constrained". The new mechanism will promote the harmonization of emission reduction units within the sector and lay the regulatory foundation for the international carbon market. But its market desalination and sustainable development implantation will also affect the heterogeneous development of national and regional carbon market, which is not conducive to the construction of international carbon market. China's establishment of a national carbon market aimed at promoting market-oriented energy reform and industrial restructuring will help the country fulfil its independent commitments of "carbon intensity" and "proportion of non-fossil energy" and will reverse the dependence of economic growth on high-carbon emissions. Lay the foundation for China to fulfill its obligation to reduce emissions in the future.
【作者單位】： 重慶大學(xué)法學(xué)院;
【基金】：教育部重大課題攻關(guān)項(xiàng)目“構(gòu)建公平合理的國(guó)際氣候治理體系研究”(批準(zhǔn)號(hào):15JZD035);教育部人文社科重點(diǎn)研究基地重大項(xiàng)目“一帶一路倡議與國(guó)際經(jīng)濟(jì)法律制度創(chuàng)新”(批準(zhǔn)號(hào):16JJD820008) 科技部改革發(fā)展專項(xiàng)研發(fā)項(xiàng)目“巴黎會(huì)議后應(yīng)對(duì)氣候變化急迫重大問(wèn)題研究”課題“中國(guó)深度參與全球氣候治理制度建設(shè)的戰(zhàn)略研究”
【分類號(hào)】：D996.9

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1 蔣艾霖;《巴黎協(xié)定》視角下的氣候正義[D];吉林大學(xué);2017年

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