本文選題：國民待遇原則 + 同類產(chǎn)品��； 參考：《中國社會(huì)科學(xué)院研究生院》2014年碩士論文

【摘要】：作為WTO非歧視原則之一，國民待遇原則在維系市場競爭機(jī)會(huì)均等、消除貿(mào)易保護(hù)主義方面發(fā)揮著重要作用，其內(nèi)涵豐富、由來已久�！斗▏穹ǖ洹纷钕却_立國民待遇原則，隨后，歐洲各國也紛紛在法律上確立這一原則。嗣后GATT把有關(guān)國民待遇的相關(guān)問題納入到《國際貿(mào)易組織憲章》。其中的第三條被WTO繼承和發(fā)展，同時(shí)將國民待遇引入到諸多領(lǐng)域，拓展了國民待遇的適用范圍和內(nèi)容。 本文首先歸納了GATT第3條貨物貿(mào)易領(lǐng)域中的國民待遇原則。GATT第3.1條劃定適用國民待遇的范圍：僅限于國內(nèi)的稅收和政策，，不能實(shí)施本國產(chǎn)品保護(hù)以及抵制外國產(chǎn)品的相關(guān)措施。第3.2條規(guī)定國內(nèi)相關(guān)稅收。第3.4條具體規(guī)定國內(nèi)法律、法規(guī)和對國民待遇的適用。 從GATT到WTO，國民待遇在認(rèn)定標(biāo)準(zhǔn)上經(jīng)歷了不斷改革的過程，其改革的重點(diǎn)是對同類產(chǎn)品認(rèn)定標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的改進(jìn)。同類產(chǎn)品認(rèn)定標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的變化，先是遵循了1970年“邊境稅調(diào)整案（BISD18S/97）”的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，然后是90年代引入了目標(biāo)與效果方法，而后又放棄返至“邊境稅調(diào)整案（BISD18S/97）”標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。這樣一個(gè)由封閉走向開放的過程說明專家組和上訴機(jī)構(gòu)在國民待遇審查過程中，努力嘗試處理國內(nèi)管理自治與自由貿(mào)易之間的關(guān)系。在這樣的趨勢下，筆者建議同類產(chǎn)品認(rèn)定的發(fā)展可以借鑒Gaetan Verhoosel提出的綜合必需性審查的思路。此外，筆者認(rèn)為對于國民待遇的最新發(fā)展情況，爭端解決機(jī)構(gòu)和WTO機(jī)構(gòu)可以做出法律更新和認(rèn)定，共同推進(jìn)國民待遇制度朝著一個(gè)更穩(wěn)定、更透明、更科學(xué)的方向發(fā)展。
[Abstract]:As one of the principles of non-discrimination in WTO, the principle of national treatment plays an important role in maintaining equal opportunities in market competition and eliminating trade protectionism, which has a long history. The principle of national treatment was first established in the French Civil Code. Subsequently, European countries have also established this principle in law. GATT later incorporated issues related to national treatment into the Charter of the International Trade Organization. The third one is inherited and developed by WTO, and the national treatment is introduced into many fields, which expands the scope and content of national treatment. This paper first summarizes the principles of national treatment in the field of GATT Article 3. Article 3.1 of GATT delimits the scope of application of national treatment: limited to domestic taxation and policies, can not implement the protection of domestic products and resist the relevant measures of foreign products. Article 3.2 provides for domestic taxes. Article 3.4 specifies domestic laws, regulations and the application of national treatment. From GATT to WTO, the national treatment has gone through the process of continuous reform in the recognition of standards, the focus of its reform is to improve the standards of similar products. The change in standards for similar products followed the 1970 BISD 18s / 97 standard, followed by the introduction of a goal and effect approach in the 1990s, and then abandoned the BISD 18 S / 97 standard. Such a process from closure to openness illustrates the efforts made by panels and appellate bodies to deal with the relationship between domestic regulatory autonomy and free trade in the national treatment review process. Under this trend, the author suggests that the development of similar products can draw lessons from the idea of comprehensive necessity examination proposed by Gaetan Verhoosel. In addition, the author believes that the latest development of national treatment, dispute settlement bodies and WTO bodies can make a legal update and recognition, together to promote the national treatment system towards a more stable, more transparent, more scientific direction.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國社會(huì)科學(xué)院研究生院
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：D996.1

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相關(guān)期刊論文 前1條

1 徐憶斌;;“特征與比較”抑或“目的與效果”——GATT第3條“同類產(chǎn)品”認(rèn)定標(biāo)準(zhǔn)之探證[J];求索;2007年06期

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