本文選題：聯(lián)合國海洋法公約 + 冰封區(qū)域條款　； 參考：《國際問題研究》2016年06期

【摘要】：《聯(lián)合國海洋法公約》第234條賦予冰封區(qū)域沿海國特殊的環(huán)境管轄權(quán),加拿大和俄羅斯依據(jù)這一條款在其北極海域內(nèi)全面推行航行管制。然而這一單邊管轄權(quán)的行使需要滿足多項限制條件,兩國部分管控措施超出了冰封區(qū)域條款的合理使用,突破了海洋法對航行權(quán)的保障。在國際法體系內(nèi),北極沿海國航行管控的特殊權(quán)力有其外部邊界,受到多邊海事規(guī)則的制約,特別是"極地規(guī)則"的出臺將限制冰封區(qū)域條款的適用空間,削弱沿海國單邊管轄權(quán)的合法性基礎(chǔ)。北極沿海國實施單邊管控面臨法律和政治上的雙重困難,通過國際平臺開展北極航運合作,尋求在國際規(guī)則中維護其利益訴求,更加符合北極沿海國家的實際利益。
[Abstract]:Article 234 of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea gives special environmental jurisdiction to the coastal States of the frozen region, according to which Canada and Russia fully implement navigation control in their Arctic waters. However, the exercise of this unilateral jurisdiction needs to meet a number of restrictions. Some of the control measures of the two countries exceed the reasonable use of the ice-bound regional clause and break through the guarantee of navigation rights by the law of the sea. Within the system of international law, the special powers of the Arctic Coastal Air Bank have their external boundaries and are subject to multilateral maritime rules, especially the introduction of the Polar rules, which will limit the space for the application of the ice-bound regional provisions. Weakening the legal basis of the unilateral jurisdiction of coastal States. Arctic coastal states face double difficulties in law and politics to implement unilateral control and control. It is more in line with the actual interests of Arctic coastal countries to carry out Arctic shipping cooperation through international platforms and seek to safeguard their interests in international rules.
【作者單位】： 中國海洋大學(xué)法政學(xué)院;
【基金】：國家社科基金重點項目“國際法視角下的中國北極航線戰(zhàn)略研究”(項目編號:13AZD084) 教育部哲學(xué)社會科學(xué)發(fā)展報告培育項目“北極地區(qū)發(fā)展報告”(項目編號:13JBGP019) 中國極地科學(xué)戰(zhàn)略研究基金青年項目“北極航運法律規(guī)制新發(fā)展及我國應(yīng)對研究”的階段性研究成果
【分類號】：D993.5

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