本文選題：碳排放權(quán) + 碳排放權(quán)交易��； 參考：《重慶大學(xué)》2014年碩士論文

【摘要】：全球溫室氣體的過度排放引發(fā)了一系列的環(huán)境問題，如全球氣候變暖，海平面上升，冰川融化等等，面對(duì)這些環(huán)境問題，全球要求控制溫室氣體過度排放的呼聲也越來越強(qiáng)烈，在此背景下，以《聯(lián)合國氣候框架公約》和《京都議定書》為法律基礎(chǔ)的碳排放權(quán)交易制度應(yīng)運(yùn)而生。碳排放權(quán)交易制度的產(chǎn)生與運(yùn)行，在一定程度上遏制了溫室氣體過度排放的局面，促進(jìn)了全球溫室氣體的減排和減排技術(shù)的革新。然而，碳排放權(quán)交易制度并非單純的環(huán)境保護(hù)國際法規(guī)，它還涉及到國際貿(mào)易法領(lǐng)域方方面面，碳排放權(quán)交易規(guī)則與貿(mào)易規(guī)則存在著大量的交叉，與現(xiàn)存的WTO規(guī)則存在眾多的交叉議題，這也使得碳排放權(quán)交易更加復(fù)雜化，尤其是在其法律屬性尚不明朗的情況下將其納入如現(xiàn)行WTO規(guī)則下進(jìn)行考察時(shí)，其合法行備受質(zhì)疑。諸多與碳排放權(quán)交易有關(guān)的貿(mào)易措施在具體的操作層面上很有可能與現(xiàn)行WTO相關(guān)規(guī)定產(chǎn)生沖突。例如：碳排放權(quán)的初始分配很可能構(gòu)成補(bǔ)貼；與碳排放權(quán)交易有關(guān)的貿(mào)易措施很有可能違背GATS下的相關(guān)服務(wù)條款；在《京都議定書》的推動(dòng)下建立的單邊碳排放權(quán)交易制度關(guān)于參與主體的限制可能違背于該國應(yīng)承擔(dān)的WTO義務(wù)等等，這些問題導(dǎo)致現(xiàn)行碳排放權(quán)交易運(yùn)行不容樂觀。鑒于此，本文將以碳排放權(quán)交易與WTO規(guī)則的沖突與協(xié)調(diào)為視角，分析目前存在的主要問題，指出現(xiàn)行碳排放權(quán)與WTO規(guī)則的不足，最后提出完善建議。 全文約三萬四千字，共分為四個(gè)部分。 第一部分是碳排放權(quán)交易的概述。首先簡(jiǎn)要分析碳排放權(quán)的概念及其法律性質(zhì)；其次闡述碳排放權(quán)交易的定義和碳排放權(quán)交易法律關(guān)系；最后簡(jiǎn)要闡述碳排放權(quán)交易模式。 第二部分是國際主要碳排放權(quán)交易機(jī)制主要內(nèi)容，主要包括京都碳排放權(quán)交易機(jī)制的建立背景、主要內(nèi)容；歐盟碳排放權(quán)交易機(jī)制的主要內(nèi)容和評(píng)析；美國碳排放權(quán)交易機(jī)制內(nèi)容和法律評(píng)析。 第三部分是碳排放權(quán)交易與WTO規(guī)則的沖突分析，，主要包括碳排放權(quán)交易與GATT；碳排放權(quán)交易與GATS和碳排放權(quán)交易與SMC. 第四部分主要是碳排放權(quán)交易與WTO規(guī)則的協(xié)調(diào)，主要包括對(duì)碳排放權(quán)交易與WTO規(guī)則進(jìn)行協(xié)調(diào)的必要性分析和協(xié)調(diào)兩部分。
[Abstract]:The excessive emissions of global greenhouse gases have caused a series of environmental problems, such as global warming, rising sea levels, melting glaciers, and so on. In the face of these environmental problems, the global demand for controlling excessive greenhouse gas emissions has become increasingly strong. In this context, the carbon emissions trading system based on the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate change and the Kyoto Protocol emerged as the times require. The emergence and operation of carbon emission trading system to some extent has restrained the situation of excessive greenhouse gas emissions and promoted the global greenhouse gas emission reduction and the innovation of emission reduction technology. However, the carbon emissions trading system is not a simple international law of environmental protection, it also involves all aspects of international trade law, carbon emissions trading rules and trade rules have a large number of intersections. There are many intersecting issues with the existing WTO rules, which make carbon trading more complicated, especially when its legal nature is not clear, such as the existing WTO rules, its legal practice is questioned. Many trade measures related to carbon emissions trading are likely to conflict with current WTO regulations at the specific operational level. For example, the initial allocation of carbon emission rights is likely to constitute a subsidy; trade measures related to carbon emissions trading are likely to violate the relevant service terms under GATS; The unilateral carbon emissions trading system established under the Kyoto Protocol may violate the country's WTO obligations and so on. These problems lead to the current carbon emissions trading operation is not optimistic. In view of this, from the perspective of the conflict and coordination between carbon emissions trading and WTO rules, this paper analyzes the main problems, points out the shortcomings of current carbon emission rights and WTO rules, and finally puts forward some suggestions for improvement. The full text is about 34000 words, which is divided into four parts. The first part is an overview of carbon emissions trading. Firstly, the concept and legal nature of carbon emission rights are briefly analyzed; secondly, the definition of carbon emission rights trading and the legal relationship between carbon emission rights trading are expounded; finally, the carbon emission rights trading mode is briefly expounded. The second part is the main content of the international major carbon trading mechanism, mainly including the background of the establishment of Kyoto carbon trading mechanism, the main content of the European Union carbon emissions trading mechanism, and the main content and evaluation of the European Union carbon trading mechanism. The content and legal Analysis of carbon emissions Trading Mechanism in the United States. The third part is the analysis of the conflict between carbon emissions trading and WTO rules, including carbon emissions trading and GATT, carbon emissions trading and GATS and carbon emission trading and SMCs. The fourth part is mainly about the coordination of carbon emission trading and WTO rules, including the necessity analysis and coordination of the coordination of carbon emissions trading and WTO rules.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：重慶大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號(hào)】：D996.9


本文編號(hào)：1915870