本文選題：海盜行為 + 聯(lián)合國海洋法公約��； 參考：《復(fù)旦大學(xué)》2011年碩士論文

【摘要】：本論文試圖闡明國際法中有關(guān)海盜與海盜行為的理論問題與實踐應(yīng)對,就國際法中海盜問題的歷史與現(xiàn)狀進行梳理,總結(jié)現(xiàn)代海盜的特點,并通過探討相關(guān)案例,縷析有關(guān)海盜問題的立法,尤其是1982年《聯(lián)合國海洋法公約》中涉及海盜問題的條款,進而分析在各種模式中解決海盜問題的機制與方式,最后針對當(dāng)今國際社會應(yīng)該如何應(yīng)對海盜問題提出建議。 本文分引言,正文和結(jié)論三部分,其中正文部分分為四章。 第一章介紹了海盜問題的發(fā)展歷史。該部分以時間為主線,分別介紹了古希臘羅馬時期,中世紀,近代以及現(xiàn)代的海盜問題。在古希臘羅馬時期海盜行為并不意味著在現(xiàn)代國際法下的犯罪或違法行為,它只是一種政治行為。即使在中世紀海盜行為也不構(gòu)成非法行為,世人對海盜的定義與定位仍不明確。17到18世紀中葉,隨著新大陸的發(fā)現(xiàn)和新航道的開辟,極大促進了世界航運的發(fā)展。隨著海上貿(mào)易的頻繁,海盜的發(fā)展也進入黃金期。在近代時期,國家權(quán)力的增長,確實重挫了盛極一時的海盜,而在法律理論層面上,英國首先主張海盜行為是非法行為,并最早對海盜行為采取立法行動。在20世紀中后期,大多說國際法學(xué)者認同海盜行為是破壞國際秩序與公海安全的一項罪行,是“人類公敵”,是國際罪行,應(yīng)置于普遍管轄下,各國均得逮捕、審判并給予處罰。國際法學(xué)者對海盜行為的定義并無一致看法,盡管如此,在國際法律文件方面,在19世紀末及20世紀,國際社會出現(xiàn)了一系列制裁海盜行為的條約,尤其是1982年《聯(lián)合國海洋法公約》對海盜行為做出一系列原則性規(guī)定,使締約各國在公海上緝捕海盜時有法可依。2008年以來,面對日益嚴重的索馬里海盜問題,聯(lián)合國安理會通過了一系列的決議案,鼓勵國際社會共同打擊海盜行為。本章還對現(xiàn)代國際社會在打擊海盜行為時遇到的問題進行了論述。通過該章的介紹,我們可以對海盜問題的發(fā)展歷史有一個比較清晰的認識,具備更寬廣的視野。 第二章介紹了規(guī)制海盜問題的國際規(guī)范的演進過程。在習(xí)慣法方面,主要介紹了對海盜行為的處置原則—普遍管轄原則在國際習(xí)慣法上的確立過程。在成文法方面,主要列舉了1889年《蒙特維多公約》、1922年《華盛頓宣言》、1937年的《尼翁協(xié)定》、1926年《國際聯(lián)盟國際法漸進編纂專家委員會分會報告》、1932年《哈佛海盜行為研究草案》、1958年《日內(nèi)瓦公海公約》、1982年《聯(lián)合國海洋法公約》、1988年《制止危及海上航行安全非法行為公約》的對海盜行為(或海上非法行為)的相關(guān)規(guī)定。通過該部分的介紹,可以清晰地看到規(guī)制海盜問題的國際習(xí)慣法和成文法的發(fā)展歷程。 第三章為對打擊海盜行為的現(xiàn)行國際法規(guī)范的評述。本章圍繞《海洋法公約》和《制止危及海上航行安全非法行為公約》中海盜行為定義和普遍管轄權(quán)原則展開分析�！逗Ｑ蠓üs》對于海盜行為的定義存在一定的缺陷,而《制止危及海上航行安全非法行為公約》盡管為完善海盜行為定義作出了很大的努力,但由于簽署國家的普遍性和權(quán)威性不夠,使得其對于打擊海盜行為的力度不夠。盡管兩部公約均對海盜行為規(guī)定了普遍管轄原則,但是由于規(guī)定本身的不足和各國國內(nèi)法的不完善,使得對于海盜行為的普遍管轄并未落到實處。該部分主要對現(xiàn)行國際法規(guī)范對海盜行為的定義及對海盜行為的管轄權(quán)的規(guī)定進行分析,并分析總結(jié)現(xiàn)行國際法規(guī)范在應(yīng)對現(xiàn)代海盜問題時出現(xiàn)的困境。 第四章是針對現(xiàn)行國際法規(guī)范在打擊海盜行為時遇到的困境提出建議。該部分針對第三章分析的問題,對現(xiàn)行國際法規(guī)范提出個人的完善建議。定義方面,建議國際社會締結(jié)一個專門的懲治海盜行為的公約,將《海洋法公約》規(guī)定的海盜行為與國際海事局所稱的“武裝劫船的行為”都列為國際社會共同打擊的對象。在管轄權(quán)的完善方面,分析國際刑事法院管轄海盜犯罪的不可能性,建議建立針對海盜的護航機制,并推動區(qū)域性合作打擊海盜機制的建立。另外,呼吁國際社會在應(yīng)對海盜問題的挑戰(zhàn)時,充分尊重聯(lián)合國安理會的主導(dǎo)地位,服從安理會的各項決議,以期早日解決海盜問題。
[Abstract]:This thesis attempts to clarify the theoretical and practical countermeasures of piracy and piracy in international law, combing the history and present situation of piracy in international law, summarizing the characteristics of modern pirates, and analyzing relevant cases and analyzing the legislation on piracy, especially in the 1982 United Nations Convention on the law of the sea involving piracy. In addition, the article analyzes the mechanism and ways to solve the piracy problem in various modes. Finally, it puts forward some suggestions on how the international community should deal with the piracy problem.
This article is divided into three parts: introduction, text and conclusion. The body part is divided into four chapters.
The first chapter introduces the history of piracy. This part introduces the piracy of ancient Greece and Rome, medieval, modern and modern, with time as the main line. In ancient Greece and Rome, piracy did not mean crimes or illegal acts under modern international law. It was only a political act, even in the Middle Ages. Piracy does not constitute an illegal act. The definition and positioning of the pirates are still not clear from.17 to the middle of the eighteenth Century. With the discovery of the new continent and the opening of the new channel, the development of world shipping is greatly promoted. With the frequent maritime trade, the development of pirates has also entered the golden period. In modern times, the growth of state power has indeed been setback. In the legal theory level, the British first advocated piracy is illegal, and the first legislative action on piracy. In the middle and late twentieth Century, most of the international law scholars agreed that piracy is a crime that destroys the international order and the security of the high seas. It is a "human public enemy" and an international crime. Under universal jurisdiction, all countries have to be arrested, tried and punished. International law scholars have no agreement on the definition of piracy. Nevertheless, in the international legal documents, in the end of nineteenth Century and twentieth Century, a series of treaties on piracy have emerged in the international community, especially in 1982 < United Nations Convention on the law of the sea > against pirates. The act makes a series of principles to make it possible for the States parties to arrest pirates on the high seas. Since.2008 years, the United Nations Security Council has adopted a series of resolutions to encourage the international community to combat piracy. This chapter also deals with the international community in the fight against piracy. The issue is discussed. Through the introduction of this chapter, we can have a clearer understanding of the history of piracy and have a broader vision.
The second chapter introduces the evolution process of international norms governing piracy. In the field of customary law, it mainly introduces the principle of dealing with piracy - the process of establishing universal jurisdiction in international customary law. In the aspect of written law, it mainly lists the Mont - vido convention in 1889, 1922 < Washington declaration >, and the 1937 < Ni - on agreement. >, report of the 1926 branch of the International Association of international law codification experts committee, the draft of the Harvard piracy study 1932, the 1958 Geneva high seas convention, the 1982 < United Nations Convention on the law of the sea, and the Convention for the suppression of illegal acts of endangering the safety of maritime navigation (or illegal acts at sea). The introduction of this part can clearly see the development process of international customary law and statute law regulating piracy.
The third chapter is a review of the current norms of international law on combating piracy. This chapter focuses on the analysis of the definition of piracy and the principle of universal jurisdiction in the Convention on the law of the sea and the Convention for the suppression of the illegal act on the safety of maritime navigation. < Convention on the law of the sea > holds certain defects in the definition of piracy, and < combating maritime aviation from jeopardize. Although the Convention on security and illegal acts has made great efforts to improve the definition of piracy, it is not enough for the fight against piracy because of the lack of universal and authoritative signature of the state. Although the two conventions have all the principles of universal jurisdiction over piracy, it is due to the limitations of the regulations and in the countries of the country. The imperfection of law makes the universal jurisdiction of piracy do not come true. This part mainly analyzes the definition of piracy and the jurisdiction of piracy in current international law norms, and analyzes and summarizes the plight of current international law norms in dealing with modern pirate questions.
The fourth chapter puts forward suggestions on the difficulties encountered by the current norms of international law in the fight against piracy. This part, in view of the analysis of the third chapter, puts forward suggestions for the improvement of the current norms of international law. In the definition, it is suggested that the international community conclude a special Convention on the punishment of piracy, and the pirates stipulated in the Convention on the law of the sea. The conduct of the "armed hijacking", which is called by the international maritime bureau, is listed as an object of joint attack by the international community. In the perfection of the jurisdiction, the impossibility of the jurisdiction of the International Criminal Court on piracy is analyzed. It is suggested to establish a protective mechanism against pirates, and to promote the establishment of regional cooperation in the fight against piracy. In response to the challenge of piracy, the international community fully respects the leading position of the UN Security Council and obeys the resolutions of the Security Council in order to solve the piracy problem at an early date.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：復(fù)旦大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2011
【分類號】：D997.9

【引證文獻】

相關(guān)碩士學(xué)位論文 前2條

1 葛娜娜;海盜贖金支付行為合法性研究[D];大連海事大學(xué);2012年

2 劉小偉;論打擊海盜犯罪的法律依據(jù)[D];南昌大學(xué);2013年

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本文編號：1905480