本文選題：國際貨物買賣 + 免責條款　； 參考：《華東政法大學》2011年碩士論文

【摘要】：隨著世界經濟一體化與貿易全球化的不斷發(fā)展,國際貨物貿易日趨復雜,相應的風險也日益增加。作為管理、控制風險的一種方式,國際貨物買賣合同的當事人,通常會在國際貨物買賣合同中加入免責條款,以限定自己所須承擔的責任,從而控制風險。但是,國際貨物買賣合同中免責條款的使用是有限度的,其解釋與效力受到很多限制,因為在復雜的國際語境中,不同國家、不同法系之間,其法律規(guī)定與司法實踐都存在重大的差別。因此,對于國際貨物買賣的參與者來說,了解并深刻理解各國法律、法院在解決國際貨物貿易糾紛實踐中對免責條款進行解釋和效力判斷的一般規(guī)則,從而在國際貨物買賣合同中設計出成功有效的免責條款,避免當爭議發(fā)生時因無法援引免責條款而遭受巨大損失,意義重大。基于這一出發(fā)點,本文試圖從實務的角度,以英國法為模范,結合相關案例,總結、歸納并分析國際貨物買賣合同中免責條款解釋、效力判斷所須遵循的一般規(guī)則,然后以國際貨物買賣合同中最典型的免責條款——“不可抗力”免責條款為例,演示一個具體的國際貨物買賣合同免責條款在適用過程中可能受到的種種限制。本文旨在通過對國際貨物買賣合同免責條款解釋規(guī)則及效力判斷規(guī)則的考察來探尋其運用之道,發(fā)現(xiàn)國際貨物買賣合同中免責條款“有效”與“無效”之間的邊界,以期對我國國際貨物貿易實務的風險控制進行一些探索,為我國參與國際貿易競爭者提供一些參考意見。 在國際貨物買賣合同下,當事人可以選擇處理合同爭議所適用的法律及爭端解決方式,并且在合同實質條款的擬定上有著相當大的自由,同時,“私法自治”、“契約自由”也已經成為合同領域被各國法律、各法系所公認的基本原則,本文認為,對國際貨物買賣合同中免責條款效力的判斷可以采取以下模式,即:在國際貨物買賣合同下,根據(jù)“私法自治”、“契約自由”的原則,任何經平等協(xié)商、簽字確認的免責條款應當推定有效,除非被證明存在使其無效的情形。 本文認為,在國際貨物買賣合同下,一個措詞含糊不清的免責條款、一個背離合同主旨的免責條款、或者一個只有寥寥數(shù)語,意圖“偷懶”的免責條款,都是無法滿足免責條款起草人的免責初衷的;但,即使國際貨物買賣合同中的免責條款措辭精準,符合合同主旨,并且事無巨細地羅列所有可能情形的免責條款,也會因為違反法律強制性的規(guī)定、存在額外的明示擔保、或存在欺騙或不實陳述的情形而無效,或者因免責條款提出方主觀過錯程度的不同而不同程度地削弱、消滅免責條款的效力。免責條款的訂立者應充分理解這一現(xiàn)實才能設計出有效的免責條款。
[Abstract]:With the continuous development of world economic integration and trade globalization, international trade in goods is becoming increasingly complex and the corresponding risks are increasing. As a way of managing and controlling risks, the parties to international goods and trade contracts usually add exemption clauses to international goods and sale contracts in order to limit their responsibilities. However, the use of the exemption clause in the international contract of sale of goods is limited, and its interpretation and effectiveness are limited, because in the complex international context, there are significant differences between the legal provisions and the judicial practice between different countries and different legal systems. Therefore, for the participants of the international trade in goods, Understanding and understanding the laws of various countries, the general rules of the court in solving the exemption clauses in the practice of international goods trade disputes and the general rule of judging the effectiveness of the disclaimer, thus designing a successful and effective exemption clause in the international contract for the sale of goods and avoiding the great loss of the disclaimer when the dispute occurs, which is of great significance. From the point of view, this article tries to sum up and analyze the interpretation of the exemption clause in the international goods and sale contract and the general rules to be followed in the judgment of the validity of the international goods sale contract from the angle of practice, combining with the relevant cases, and then the exemption clause of the "force majeure" clause in the international contract for the sale of goods - the "force majeure" clause The purpose of this paper is to explore the ways to use the rules of interpretation of the exemption clause and the rule of judgment on the effectiveness of the international goods sale contract, and to find the way of its application, and find that the exemption clause in the international contract of goods and sale is "effective" and "no". The boundary between effect "is expected to make some exploration on the risk control of international trade in goods in China, and provide some reference for our country's participation in international trade.
Under the contract of international sale of goods, the parties may choose to deal with the law and dispute settlement applicable to the contract disputes, and have considerable freedom in the formulation of the substantive terms of the contract. At the same time, the "autonomy of private law" and "freedom of contract" have also become the basic principles recognized by various legal and legal systems in the contract field. The article holds that the following model can be taken to judge the effectiveness of the exemption clause in an international contract of sale of goods: under the international contract of sale of goods, the principle of "autonomy of private law", "freedom of contract", any exemption clause confirmed by equal consultation and signature should be presumed valid unless it is proved to be ineffective.
This article holds that under an international contract of sale of goods, a vague disclaimer clause, a disclaimer clause that deviates from the tenor of the contract, or an exemption clause with only a few words intended to be "lazy", can not satisfy the original intention of the drafters of the exemption clause; however, even if the exemption clause in the international contract of sale of goods is disclaimer, Precise wording, conforming to the tenor of the contract, and listing all the exemption clauses of all possible circumstances, will also be invalid because of the violation of the mandatory provisions of the law, the existence of an additional express guarantee, or the existence of deception or false statements, or the weakening of the extent of the subjective fault of the disclaimer. The conclusion of the exemption clause should fully understand this reality so as to design an effective exemption clause.

【學位授予單位】：華東政法大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2011
【分類號】：D923.6;D996

【參考文獻】

相關期刊論文 前2條

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2 孫美蘭;《聯(lián)合國國際貨物銷售合同公約》免責規(guī)定之研究[J];法學;2004年12期

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本文編號：1862190