本文選題：間接征收 + 國際石油投資��； 參考：《中國政法大學(xué)》2011年碩士論文

【摘要】：近年來中國企業(yè)海外石油投資發(fā)展較快,為國家能源安全提供了重要保障,同時也創(chuàng)造較大經(jīng)濟效益。但回顧國際石油投資歷史,東道國周期性的國有化措施一直是外國投資者利益的巨大威脅;近年來直接征收事件相對減少,而間接征收事件呈上升趨勢,我國海外石油投資不可避免的受到了一定影響。本文試總結(jié)間接征收的認定標(biāo)準(zhǔn)和補償標(biāo)準(zhǔn),結(jié)合近年來東道國的具體規(guī)制措施進行分析,界定其是否構(gòu)成間接征收,并進一步提出國家和企業(yè)防范和應(yīng)對的建議。 本文第一章介紹間接征收與國際石油投資。首先分別介紹間接征收的概念及分類,和國際石油投資的概況。著重介紹在國際石油投資領(lǐng)域發(fā)生直接征收、間接征收的歷史和現(xiàn)狀,剖析其的根源,分析對中國的影響。 本文第二章總結(jié)間接征收的判定標(biāo)準(zhǔn)和補償標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。間接征收的判定標(biāo)準(zhǔn)部分,總結(jié)兩種重要理論,一是以政府行為性質(zhì)作為判定標(biāo)準(zhǔn),二是以效果和目的作為判定標(biāo)準(zhǔn);并介紹在國際仲裁實踐中的采用的判定方法。間接征收補償標(biāo)準(zhǔn)部分,嘗試將間接征收補償標(biāo)準(zhǔn)問題,分為補償原則和補償基數(shù)兩個問題,分別進行論述。本文第三章介紹近年來有爭議的國際石油輸入國的間接征收途徑,包括合同強制變更,石油特別收益金,強制參股和強制代理。重點介紹合同強制變更的歷史和根源,實施途徑的基礎(chǔ)、步驟和具有典型性的事件;最后以效果與目的兼顧標(biāo)準(zhǔn)界定其是否構(gòu)成間接征收。另外介紹石油特別收益金問題,并分別分析厄瓜多爾政府和中國政府征收特別收益金的行為是否構(gòu)成間接征收。 本文第四章按國家和企業(yè)兩個層次,分別提出對國際石油投資間接征收的防范措施和應(yīng)對措施。國家層面建議明確海外石油投資的戰(zhàn)略,以及強化海外石油投資保護措施。企業(yè)層面建議戰(zhàn)略選擇投資進入地區(qū),加強政治風(fēng)險的評估和監(jiān)控,合理利用第三國與目標(biāo)國家的雙邊投資條約。
[Abstract]:In recent years, the overseas oil investment of Chinese enterprises has developed rapidly, which provides an important guarantee for the national energy security and also creates great economic benefits.However, recalling the history of international oil investment, the periodic nationalization measures of the host country have been a great threat to the interests of foreign investors; in recent years, direct expropriation incidents have relatively decreased, while indirect expropriation incidents have shown an upward trend,China's overseas oil investment is inevitably affected.This paper tries to summarize the identification standards and compensation standards of indirect expropriation, analyze the specific regulatory measures of the host country in recent years, define whether they constitute indirect expropriation, and put forward further suggestions for the prevention and response of the state and enterprises.The first chapter introduces indirect expropriation and international oil investment.Firstly, it introduces the concept and classification of indirect expropriation, and the general situation of international oil investment.This paper mainly introduces the history and present situation of direct and indirect expropriation in the field of international oil investment, analyzes its root causes and its influence on China.Chapter two summarizes the judgment standard and compensation standard of indirect expropriation.In the part of the judgment standard of indirect expropriation, two important theories are summarized, one is to take the nature of government behavior as the criterion, the other is to regard the effect and purpose as the criterion, and to introduce the judgment methods adopted in the practice of international arbitration.In the part of indirect expropriation compensation standard, the problem of indirect expropriation compensation standard is divided into two problems: compensation principle and compensation base.The third chapter introduces the indirect expropriation approaches of the controversial international oil importing countries in recent years, including contract compulsory change, oil special income money, compulsory equity participation and compulsory agency.This paper mainly introduces the history and origin of compulsory change of contract, the basis, steps and typical events of the way of implementation, and finally defines whether it constitutes indirect expropriation according to the criterion of both effect and purpose.In addition, the paper introduces the problem of oil special income, and analyzes whether the special income collected by Ecuador government and Chinese government constitutes indirect levy.The fourth chapter puts forward the preventive measures and countermeasures of indirect expropriation of international oil investment according to the two levels of state and enterprise.At the national level, we recommend a clear strategy for overseas oil investment, as well as enhanced protection measures for overseas oil investment.At the enterprise level, it is suggested that investment should be selected strategically, political risk assessment and monitoring should be strengthened, and bilateral investment treaties between third countries and target countries should be reasonably utilized.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國政法大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2011
【分類號】：D996.4

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