本文選題：福島核事故 + 核廢液�。� 參考：《遼寧大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：隨著現(xiàn)今石化能源的日益減少和環(huán)境問題的加重,人們?cè)絹碓秸J(rèn)識(shí)到核能的發(fā)展和利用在將來社會(huì)中的重要作用。與傳統(tǒng)的石化能源相比,核能有著燃燒清潔、高效并且成本低等優(yōu)勢(shì)。因此,發(fā)展利用核能日漸成為世界各國(guó)的選擇,各國(guó)紛紛逐漸選擇加大對(duì)核能的開發(fā)利用并逐漸的代替?zhèn)鹘y(tǒng)石化能源。但人們也在發(fā)展利用核能的過程中發(fā)現(xiàn),核能的利用過程中一旦出現(xiàn)事故,其帶來的危害后果要比傳統(tǒng)事故嚴(yán)重的多,每次都會(huì)給人們帶來巨大的損害和教訓(xùn)。2011年的3月,日本發(fā)生了 9級(jí)強(qiáng)烈地震,地震并引發(fā)了海嘯,地震及海嘯的共同作用使得日本當(dāng)時(shí)福島第一核電站發(fā)生了泄漏,這次由地震和海嘯所引發(fā)的核泄漏是繼前蘇聯(lián)切爾諾貝利核事故后最嚴(yán)重的核泄漏核污染事件,此事故隨后就引起了國(guó)際社會(huì)的高度關(guān)注,東電公司在處理此次核事故的過程中因?yàn)樾袨楹妥龇ú划?dāng)加劇了這次核事故的危害和影響,但接下來日本政府授意并下令將含有所謂低濃度放射性污水排入海洋的行為和做法引起國(guó)際社會(huì)的一片嘩然和不滿,世界各國(guó)紛紛將不滿和指責(zé)指向了日本政府。因?yàn)楹宋廴舅斐傻奈：Ψ秶謴V,而不管在什么領(lǐng)域,損害的發(fā)生往往也意味著責(zé)任的產(chǎn)生,通常當(dāng)環(huán)境損害發(fā)生后,接下來就要明確事故的行為者和責(zé)任的承擔(dān)者,從而使受害者能夠盡快的得到其應(yīng)得的賠償。想要妥善的解決核污染所帶來的損害問題,有效的對(duì)造成環(huán)境損害的法律責(zé)任進(jìn)行追究十分有必要。這就要求在追究當(dāng)事國(guó)的相關(guān)責(zé)任時(shí),必須遵循國(guó)際法的有關(guān)要求,并依據(jù)國(guó)際法中的各項(xiàng)有關(guān)核污染的法律和相關(guān)機(jī)制。日本此次私自將核廢液排入海洋的行為違背了其參加的《聯(lián)合國(guó)海洋法公約》、《倫敦傾廢公約》、《及早通報(bào)核事故公約》以及《核安全公約》的宗旨和相關(guān)規(guī)定,因此此次排放核廢液入海所帶來的對(duì)環(huán)境及人員損害的不利后果的責(zé)任應(yīng)由日本及東電公司承擔(dān)。對(duì)事故中國(guó)家責(zé)任的承擔(dān)進(jìn)行明確,既能保證受害者及時(shí)有效的提出賠償請(qǐng)求,從而維護(hù)自己的合法權(quán)益,又能夠促使事故的當(dāng)事國(guó)日后進(jìn)一步的加強(qiáng)對(duì)核設(shè)施的管理和提高對(duì)環(huán)境的保護(hù)意識(shí)。
[Abstract]:With the increasing decrease of fossil energy and the aggravation of environmental problems, more and more people realize that the development and utilization of nuclear energy will play an important role in the future society.Compared with traditional fossil energy, nuclear energy has the advantages of clean combustion, high efficiency and low cost.Therefore, the development and utilization of nuclear energy has gradually become the choice of countries in the world, countries have gradually chosen to expand the development and utilization of nuclear energy and gradually replace the traditional fossil energy.However, in the process of developing the use of nuclear energy, people have also found that once there is an accident in the process of using nuclear energy, its harmful consequences are much more serious than those of traditional accidents, and each time it brings great damage and lessons to people.There was a magnitude 9 earthquake in Japan, which triggered a tsunami, and the combined effect of the earthquake and tsunami caused a leak at the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant in Japan at that time.The nuclear leakage caused by the earthquake and tsunami was the most serious nuclear pollution incident since the Chernobyl nuclear accident in the former Soviet Union, which has subsequently aroused great concern from the international community.In the course of handling the nuclear accident, Tepco aggravated the harm and impact of the nuclear accident because of improper conduct and practices.But then the Japanese government directed and ordered the release of so-called low-level radioactive sewage into the sea, causing international uproar and discontent, which the world pointed at the Japanese government.Because the scope of harm caused by nuclear pollution is very wide, and in any field, the occurrence of damage often means the generation of liability, usually when the environmental damage occurs, it is necessary to identify the actors of the accident and the person responsible for the accident.So that victims can get their due compensation as soon as possible.In order to properly solve the damage caused by nuclear pollution, it is necessary to effectively investigate the legal liability for environmental damage.This requires that the relevant requirements of international law and the laws and mechanisms relating to nuclear pollution in international law should be followed in order to hold the States concerned accountable.Japan's private discharge of nuclear waste into the sea violates the purposes and relevant provisions of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, the London dumping Convention, the Convention on early Notification of a Nuclear accident and the Convention on Nuclear Safety, to which Japan is a party.Therefore, Japan and Tepco should be held responsible for the adverse effects of environmental and human damage caused by the discharge of nuclear waste into the sea.A clear definition of the responsibility of the State in the event of an accident can ensure that the victim can timely and effectively file a claim for compensation, thereby safeguarding his or her legitimate rights and interests.It can further enhance the management of nuclear facilities and environmental protection.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：遼寧大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：D993.5

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