本文選題：WTO保障措施　切入點：非歧視原則　出處：《華東政法大學(xué)》2011年碩士論文

【摘要】：WTO成員作為區(qū)域一體化的締約方應(yīng)該采取怎樣的保障措施?如果美國決定對進(jìn)口的鋼鐵實施保障措施,能否將墨西哥和加拿大排除在實施對象范圍之外�；蛘哒f,美國必須排除《北美自由貿(mào)易協(xié)定》(簡稱NAFTA)的締約方的進(jìn)口采取保障措施,以確保NAFTA作為“自由貿(mào)易區(qū)”的地位�；蚋鶕�(jù)WTO《保障措施協(xié)議》的規(guī)定,美國不得排除NAFTA締約方采取保障措施,而必須對一正在進(jìn)口的產(chǎn)品實施,不論該產(chǎn)品的來源。 本文共分為五章。 本文以論述WTO設(shè)置保障措施協(xié)議的初衷開始,從GATT1994第19條的“未預(yù)見發(fā)展”及”GATT義務(wù)承擔(dān)”和保障措施的實施條件的視角論述了實施區(qū)域一體化保障措施的可能性。 本文第二章討論了GATT1994第24條與保障措施之間的關(guān)系,該章論述了GATT1994第24條第8款是否排除在區(qū)域內(nèi)實施保障措施,GATT1994第24條并不自身禁止對區(qū)域一體化之間實施保障措施。GATT1994第24條第款8款允許只要“實質(zhì)上所有貿(mào)易”是自由的,就可以采取一些內(nèi)部的限制。同時滿足一定條件下,GATT1994第24條可以成為違反《保障措施協(xié)議》第2條第2款的合法性依據(jù)。 本文第三章從不同區(qū)域一體化實體對保障措施的迥異規(guī)定和案例糾紛的實踐的兩個角度分析區(qū)域一體化成員實施保障措施的情況。區(qū)域一體化從自身集團(tuán)利益出發(fā),選擇了不同的保障措施模式。 本文第四章,分析了WTO專家組和上訴機(jī)構(gòu)解決涉及排除區(qū)域貿(mào)易成員實施保障措施的實踐,因WTO體制下對區(qū)域保障措施統(tǒng)一規(guī)制的缺乏,使得WTO爭端機(jī)構(gòu)在裁決糾紛時躊躇難斷。為解決困境,WTO爭端機(jī)構(gòu)對區(qū)域成員實施保障措施“造出”新的要求,即“平行原則”。該章論述了“平行原則”的要求,并對該原則進(jìn)行了批評,認(rèn)為平行原則和WTO《保障措施協(xié)議》第2條第2款的非歧視原則是沖突的。 本文第五章從保障措施的法律設(shè)置以及實踐糾紛兩個角度分析了中國參與的區(qū)域一體化中保障措施的現(xiàn)狀,進(jìn)而分析了中國參與的區(qū)域一體化保障措施模式選擇。
[Abstract]:What safeguards should WTO members take as parties to regional integration?If the United States decides to impose safeguards on imported steel, it could exclude Mexico and Canada from the scope of implementation.In other words, the United States must exclude imports from parties to the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTAA) to ensure the status of NAFTA as a "free trade area".Or in accordance with the provisions of the WTO safeguards Agreement, the United States shall not exclude the adoption of safeguards by a Contracting Party to NAFTA, but must apply them to a product being imported, regardless of the source of the product.This paper is divided into five chapters.This paper begins with the original intention of the agreement on the establishment of safeguard measures in WTO, and discusses the possibility of implementing regional integration safeguard measures from the perspective of "unforeseen development" and "commitment of GATT obligations" in Article 19 of GATT1994 and the implementation conditions of safeguard measures.The second chapter discusses the relationship between Article 24 of GATT1994 and safeguards.This chapter discusses whether Article 24, paragraph 8, of GATT1994 excludes the application of safeguards in the region. Article 24 of GATT1994 does not in itself prohibit the application of safeguards between regional integration. Article 24, paragraph 8, of GATT1994 allows for the freedom of "substantially all trade".You can take some internal restrictions.Under certain conditions, Article 24 of GATT 1994 may be the basis for violating Article 2 (2) of the safeguards Agreement.The third chapter analyzes the implementation of safeguard measures by different regional integration entities from the two angles of the different regulations of regional integration entities and the practice of case disputes.Regional integration from its own interests of the group, the choice of different safeguard measures.In the fourth chapter, the author analyzes the practice of the WTO expert group and the appellate body to solve the problem of excluding the members of regional trade from implementing the safeguard measures, because of the lack of uniform regulation of the regional safeguard measures under the WTO system.This makes the WTO dispute body hesitant in adjudicating disputes.In order to solve the difficulties, WTO dispute bodies "create" new requirements, namely "parallel principle", for the implementation of safeguard measures to regional members.This chapter discusses the requirements of the "parallel principle" and criticizes it, arguing that the principle of parallelism is in conflict with the principle of non-discrimination in Article 2 (2) of the WTO Agreement on safeguards.The fifth chapter analyzes the current situation of the safeguard measures in the regional integration of China from the perspective of the legal setup and the practical disputes, and then analyzes the choice of the mode of the regional integration safeguard measures in which China participates.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：華東政法大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2011
【分類號】：D996.1

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