本文選題：信用證項下進口押匯　切入點：讓與擔(dān)保　出處：《中國政法大學(xué)》2011年碩士論文

【摘要】：隨著國際金融與貿(mào)易的飛速發(fā)展,國際貿(mào)易融資業(yè)務(wù)憑借其高需求性和高成長性在商業(yè)銀行國際結(jié)算業(yè)務(wù)中的占比明顯提高。尤其是隨著中國加入WTO以后,我國進出口貿(mào)易的快速發(fā)展與增長,進出口貿(mào)易商對進出口貿(mào)易融資的需求日益增加,而信用證項下進口押匯由于其方便快捷的業(yè)務(wù)特點,成為了國際貿(mào)易融資中最常使用的短期融資方式之一,更是成為國內(nèi)商業(yè)銀行市場競爭的重點。但是,由于我國進口押匯業(yè)務(wù)中基礎(chǔ)財產(chǎn)權(quán)利性質(zhì)不明,押匯申請人與押匯行之間的關(guān)系無法確定,導(dǎo)致進口押匯業(yè)務(wù)在我國找不到與之對應(yīng)的專門法律規(guī)范,進而使銀行在進口押匯中的權(quán)利處于一個得不到法律有效保障的尷尬境地;與此同時,在復(fù)雜的法律環(huán)境中,由于國際上對進口押匯的法律性質(zhì)、法律關(guān)系、讓與擔(dān)保、信托收據(jù)等規(guī)定都有著不同的觀點和規(guī)定,而國內(nèi)不同銀行則因襲了兩大法系中不同做法,這造成了目前各界對于進口押匯業(yè)務(wù)性質(zhì)認(rèn)識混亂;國內(nèi)銀行進口押匯實務(wù)操作不統(tǒng)一特別是進口押匯中的財產(chǎn)權(quán)利認(rèn)定標(biāo)準(zhǔn)不一也使得法律風(fēng)險大大增強。諸上因素都不利于進口押匯業(yè)務(wù)進一步發(fā)展,也不利于銀行債權(quán)安全及相關(guān)權(quán)益的保障。 本文主要是結(jié)合筆者在國內(nèi)商業(yè)銀行的工作經(jīng)驗和理論學(xué)習(xí),通過對我國信用證項下進口押匯的法律關(guān)系,特別是就進口押匯中基礎(chǔ)財產(chǎn)權(quán)利性質(zhì)之爭進行深入分析,一方面對信用證項下進口押匯的主要法律特征、擔(dān)保性質(zhì)等問題進行研究,另一方面重點對如何正確認(rèn)識進口押匯法律關(guān)系關(guān)系和信托收據(jù)性質(zhì)、建立健全當(dāng)前法律制度、完善進口押匯業(yè)務(wù)制度,規(guī)避銀行進口押匯中的法律風(fēng)險,最大限度地保障商業(yè)銀行在進口押匯中的債權(quán)安全進行探討和建議。 本文主要分為三個部分: 第一部分:對我國商業(yè)銀行信用證項下進口押匯法律關(guān)系進行分析,并對其基礎(chǔ)財產(chǎn)權(quán)利的法律性質(zhì)進行評價; 第二部分:信用證項下進口押匯業(yè)務(wù)操作中由于不同操作模式所帶來的法律風(fēng)險及主要原因分析; 第三部分:借鑒國際實踐經(jīng)驗,對于進口押匯中的法律風(fēng)險防范提出相關(guān)建議。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of international finance and trade, the proportion of international trade financing business in the international settlement business of commercial banks is obviously increased by virtue of its high demand and high growth.Especially with the rapid development and growth of China's import and export trade after China's entry into WTO, the demand of import and export traders for import and export trade financing is increasing day by day.It has become one of the most commonly used short-term financing methods in international trade financing, and has become the focus of market competition of domestic commercial banks.However, because of the unclear nature of the basic property rights in the import documentary bill business in China, the relationship between the applicant and the bank cannot be determined, leading to the fact that the import documentary bill business cannot find the corresponding special legal norms in our country.In the meantime, in the complex legal environment, due to the legal nature of the international legal nature of import bills, the legal relationship, the transfer of security, the bank's rights in the import bill of exchange are in an awkward position where the law is not effectively protected by the law, and at the same time, in the complex legal environment,Trust receipt and other provisions have different views and regulations, while different banks in China have inherited different practices in the two legal systems, which has resulted in confusion about the nature of the import documentary bill business from all walks of life.The different standards of property rights in domestic banks especially in import bills also increase the legal risk greatly.The above factors are not conducive to the further development of import bills, the security of bank claims and the protection of related rights and interests.This article mainly combines the author's working experience and theoretical study in domestic commercial banks, through the deep analysis of the legal relationship of the import documentary bill under our country's letter of credit, especially the dispute about the nature of the basic property right in the import documentary bill.On the one hand, it studies the main legal characteristics and the nature of guarantee of import bills under letters of credit. On the other hand, it focuses on how to correctly understand the legal relationship of import documents and the nature of trust receipts, so as to establish and improve the current legal system.To perfect the business system of import bill of exchange, to avoid the legal risk in the bank's import bill of exchange, and to ensure the security of the creditor's rights of the commercial bank in the import bill of exchange to the maximum extent.This paper is divided into three parts:The first part is the analysis of the legal relationship of the import documentary bill under the letter of credit of the commercial banks in China, and the evaluation of the legal nature of the basic property rights of the commercial banks.The second part: the analysis of the legal risk and the main reasons in the operation of the import bill under the letter of credit because of the different operation mode.The third part: draw lessons from the international practice experience, and put forward the relevant suggestions for the legal risk prevention in the import documentary bill.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國政法大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2011
【分類號】：D922.282;D996.2;F740.4

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