本文選題：福利經濟學　切入點：專利國際保護制度　出處：《吉林大學》2011年碩士論文

【摘要】：在當今社會社會福利得到人們的普遍關注,人們不僅僅關注一個國家內部的社會福利問題,而且隨著全球一體化,開始放眼國際關注全球福利問題。合理的制度構建的目的在于配置社會資源,提高社會福利。專利的國際保護作為一種制度,無論其如何促進技術進步、經濟發(fā)展,其產生、存在和發(fā)展的最終都必須達到的目的是提高一國國民以及全球社會福利。以社會福利提高作為將其考量專利國際保護制度的合理性的標準,能夠達到不斷完善該制度,進而激勵創(chuàng)新和經濟增長的目的,最終提高社會福利。對于社會福利的界定,處于不同立場的人們對其理解不盡相同,有廣義和狹義之分。與本文相聯(lián)系的社會福利,是最廣義層次的社會福利,包括能夠提高廣大社會成員生活水平的各種政策和社會服務,旨在解決廣大社會成員在各個方面的福利待遇問題。 基于以上考慮,本文綜合運用了法學研究常用的歷史分析方法、價值分析方法、實證分析方法等基本分析方法進行研究。文章共分為三部分： 第一章介紹福利分析方法以及符合社會福利提高的專利國際保護制度的應然性。第一節(jié),簡要介紹了福利經濟學分析方法,目的在于將其作為分析工具對專利國際保護制度進行評估：第二節(jié),運用福利經濟學的相關基本理論對專利國際保護應該具有的價值進行分析。具體從公平、正義、個人權利三個方面對專利國際保護制度的應然性進行分析,為下文分析提供價值判斷基礎；第三節(jié),介紹了個人福利和社會福利的關系,鑒于個人福利對社會福利變化具有導向作用。此部分的思路是,運用個人福利變化評估專利制度對于專利主體效用的影響。具體來說,就是評估專利國際制度對個人福利的影響,為評估專利國際保護制度對社會福利影響提供科學工具。這一部分的基本目的在于,為下文專利國際保護制度評估提供科學的工具。 第二章以全球為視角運用福利經濟學分析工具對專利國際保護制度的現(xiàn)實情況進行考量。首先探討作為靜態(tài)法律制度的專利國際保護制度對社會福利的影響,以專利制度的立法動機和基本理念以及主要國際條約的考量為基點；其次探討專利國際保護制度動態(tài)運行過程中對社會福利的影響。對專利制度組成內容變化過程進行具體分析,認為專利制度本身是一種動態(tài)變化的制度,其對于社會福利的影響也是動態(tài)變化了,但是不論如何變化,其始終向著提高社會福利方向發(fā)展；最后是專利國際保護制度運行效果即績效分析。從平衡社會各方利益及激勵創(chuàng)新和促進經濟增長兩方面入手,結論認為其運行效果基本符合立法的目的,能夠增進社會福利。 第三章,本文鑒于我國是發(fā)展中國家的基本國情,分析專利國際保護制度對于發(fā)展中國家的影響。第一節(jié),分析專利國際保護對于發(fā)展中國家社會福利影響的現(xiàn)狀,一方面認為其現(xiàn)行專利國際保護制度有促進發(fā)展中國家社會福利的作用,另一方面其也存在利益相對失衡并有待完善之處；第二節(jié),分析產生上述情況的原因。基本觀點是,根本原因—發(fā)達國家對利益的追逐,現(xiàn)實原因—經濟發(fā)展水平落后直接原因,制度設計缺陷—保護好用而限制不好用；第三部分,現(xiàn)狀和原因分析基礎上,嘗試提出幾點應對措施。第一,發(fā)展中國家應該加強共識,團結合作,團結一致才能增加發(fā)展中國家在國際社會的話語權,抗衡發(fā)達國家的強勢力量,值得專利國際保護制度的構建和發(fā)展過程中充分考慮發(fā)展中國家的實際情況,防止過高標準被強加于落后國情之上；第二,基于福利經濟學分析方法的兩個組成部分,提出兩點啟示。首先,從倫理價值角度,從限制授予的客體范圍、建立完備的例外制度、規(guī)范專利強制許可實行的程序三個角度進行努力實現(xiàn)利益平衡。其次,采取建立健全專利申請鼓勵機制、激發(fā)全社會的創(chuàng)新能力積極創(chuàng)制促進技術創(chuàng)新的輔助機制、對具有比較優(yōu)勢的專利客體進行擴大等措施激發(fā)專利權效用的擴散,實現(xiàn)專利產出最大化,增進社會福利。
[Abstract]:In today's society of social welfare to get people's attention, people not only pay close attention to the social problems within a country, but with the global integration, began to look at the international attention. The global welfare system aims to construct a reasonable allocation of social resources, improve social welfare. The international protection of the patent as a system, no matter how the promotion of technological progress, economic development, the purpose of the existence and development of the final must achieve is to improve the national and global social welfare. In order to improve the social welfare as the consideration of patent international protection system of standards, to improve the system, so as to encourage innovation and economic growth, and ultimately to improve the social welfare. The definition of social welfare, people in different positions on the understanding is not the same, the broad and narrow sense and points. The social welfare related to this article is the most generalized social welfare, including various policies and social services that can improve the living standard of the majority of the members of the society, aiming to solve the welfare problems of the members of the society in all aspects.
Based on the above considerations, this paper uses the basic methods of historical analysis, value analysis and empirical analysis, which are commonly used in legal research. The article is divided into three parts.
The first chapter introduces the welfare analysis method and ought to be in line with international patent protection system to improve the social welfare. The first section briefly introduces the welfare economics analysis method, in order to give it as an analytical tool to evaluate the international patent protection system: second, analysis related to the use of the basic theory of welfare economics should be on the international protection of patent with the specific value. From the fairness, justice and individual rights in the three aspects of necessity of patent international protection system analysis, value judgment basis for the following analysis; section third describes the relationship between the individual and social welfare, the welfare of the individual has given guidance to the change of social welfare. This part is the idea of. The use of personal welfare change assessment of the impact of the patent system to the patent subject utility. Specifically, is to evaluate the international patent system on personal blessing The purpose of this part is to provide a scientific tool for evaluating the impact of the international protection system of the patent on social welfare. The basic purpose of this part is to provide a scientific tool for the evaluation of the international protection system of patents below.
The second chapter in a global perspective by using welfare economics analysis tools to the realistic situation of international patent protection system into consideration. Firstly as a patent international protection system static legal system influence on social welfare and the motivation of legislation of patent system and the basic ideas and main conventions; then discuss the impact on social welfare the international patent protection system of dynamic operation process. The patent system composed of content change process of specific analysis, that the patent system is a dynamic system and its impact on social welfare is dynamic, but no matter how to change the direction of development has always been to improve social welfare; finally the operation effect of patent the international protection system performance analysis. From the balance of social interests and stimulate innovation and promote economic growth in two aspects Hand, the conclusion is that the effect of its operation is basically in accordance with the purpose of legislation and can improve social welfare.
The third chapter, in view of our country is the basic conditions of developing countries, analysis of patent international protection system impact on developing countries. In the first section, analysis of the status quo for the influence of developing countries social welfare international patent protection, on the one hand that has a function of promoting social welfare in developing countries the current international patent protection system, on the other hand, there are also the interests of the relative the imbalance and need to be improved; second, analysis of the causes of the situation. The basic idea is that the fundamental reason - the pursuit of the interests of developed countries, the real reason of economic development lags behind the direct cause, system design flaws - protect and limit is not good; the third part, based on the present situation and reason analysis. Try to put forward some countermeasures. First, developing countries should strengthen consensus, unity and cooperation, solidarity can increase in developing countries The international community's voice, strong power in developed countries, worthy of patent international protection system and give full consideration to the actual situation of developing countries in the process of development, to prevent high standards imposed on the backward situation; second, the two part of the welfare economics analysis method based on the proposed two suggestions. First, from the ethical value from the point of view, to limit the scope of object, the establishment of a complete system of exception specification, patent compulsory licensing procedures for implementation of three aspects of efforts to achieve the balance of interests. Secondly, take to establish and improve the patent application of incentive mechanism, stimulate innovation capacity of the whole society to actively promote the creation of the auxiliary mechanism of technological innovation, diffusion of comparative advantage of patent the object of expansion and other measures to stimulate the patent of utility patent, achieve maximum output, to increase the social welfare.

【學位授予單位】：吉林大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2011
【分類號】：D997.1

【引證文獻】

相關碩士學位論文 前1條

1 紀耀;專利功能性限定權利要求相關問題研究[D];華中科技大學;2012年

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本文編號：1706981